Cyprus Under Britain, 1878-1960
Cyprus Under Britain, 1878-1960

Author: Thanos Kondylis

Publisher:

Published: 2019-05-26

Total Pages: 38

ISBN-13: 9781070348018

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WRITER: Thanos KondylisTITLE: CYPRUS UNDER BRITAIN (1878-1960)TYPE: HistoryFORM: Article BIBLIOGRAFY: YES LANGUAGE: ENGLISH PAGES: 35WORDS: 3.500FIRST PRESENTATION: 2013CONTEMPORARY VERSION: 2019--------------------------------------------------------------------FREE READ / DNLOAD e-boosk HERE: https: //www.thanoskondylis.com---------------------------------------------------------------------SUMMARY: In 19 February 1878 Russia and the Ottoman Empire signed the peace Treaty of San Stephen. The reaction of England was immediate as through this treaty Russia was actively involved in the Balkans. So England with the cooperation of Germany in June 1878 organized a new international Congress in Berlin where it was revised the terms of the Treaty of San Stephen. Russia accepted the new adjustments. During the same period the English ambassador in Istanbul (Constantinople) managed to extract Cyprus from the Ottoman Empire in return for the British support at the Congress of Berlin. The occupation of Cyprus was necessary because along with Gibraltar and Malta it created a sequel of strategic ports in the Mediterranean over the trade route that connected England - via Suez - with India. In June 1878 the Sultan agreed and signed with England a treaty under which the British Empire would exercise the administration in Cyprus. So in early July 1878 the British troops landed on the island.---------------------------------------------------Contact me at: [email protected]

Cyprus
Cyprus

Author: Haris Notias

Publisher: Independently Published

Published: 2024-08-06

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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On 19 February 1878 Russia and the Ottoman Empire signed the peace Treaty of San Stephen. The reaction of England was immediate as through this treaty Russia was actively involved in the Balkans. So, England with the cooperation of Germany in June 1878 organized a new international Congress in Berlin where it was revised the terms of the Treaty of San Stephen. Russia accepted the new adjustments. During the same period, the English ambassador in Istanbul (Constantinople) managed to extract Cyprus from the Ottoman Empire in return for the British support at the Congress of Berlin. The occupation of Cyprus was necessary because along with Gibraltar and Malta it created a sequel of strategic ports in the Mediterranean over the trade route that connected England - via Suez - with India. In June 1878, the Sultan agreed and signed with England a treaty under which the British Empire would exercise the administration in Cyprus. So, in early July 1878 the British troops landed on the island.

Sweet and Bitter Island
Sweet and Bitter Island

Author: Tabitha Morgan

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2010-07-12

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 0857731025

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On a sweltering day in July 1878, the men of the 42nd Royal Highlanders - the Black Watch - waded ashore at Larnaca Bay to begin the British occupation of Cyprus. Today, Britons on sunbeds colonise the same stretch of sand, the latest visitors to an island which has long held a special place in the English imagination - and a controversial role in British imperial ambitions. From Britain's acquisition of the island in 1878 up to independence in 1960, a true understanding of the complexity of Cypriot society and its aspirations eluded most British administrators. In the late 19th century, the British worked furiously to outmanoeuvre a restless Russian Empire bent on southward expansion. In this 'Great Game' of superpowers, few episodes were bolder than the British acquisition of Cyprus through a secret treaty with the Ottoman Empire. Initially considered strategically vital for the defence of India, the island soon lost its importance as a military staging post, when Britain occupied Egypt. Nevertheless, Cyprus became a major centre of Allied espionage and counter-espionage in both World Wars - a role that up to now has never been fully revealed. But despite the island's importance, British rule on Cyprus was often somewhat lackadaisical: low salaries resulted in a colourful staff of hard drinking colonial rejects and scholarly classicists of independent means. Disastrous governance combined with a misunderstanding by the British of the growing desire for enosis, the union of Cyprus with Greece, contributed to increasing Cypriot disillusionment with British rule. Drawing on largely unpublished material, Morgan reflects on why successive administrations failed so catastrophically to engage with their Cypriot subjects, and how social segregation, confusion about Cypriot identity and the poor calibre of so many administrators all contributed to the bloody guerilla conflict that led, finally, to Cypriot independence. Sweet and Bitter Island explores for the first time the unique bond between Britain and Cyprus and the complex, sometimes tense, relationship between the two nations which endures to the present day. Extensively researched and lyrically written, this is the definitive portrait of British colonial life on the Mediterranean island.

Imperial Control in Cyprus
Imperial Control in Cyprus

Author: Antigone Heraclidou

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2017-06-30

Total Pages: 336

ISBN-13: 1786732513

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In Protectorate Cyprus, education was one of the most effective tools of imperial control and political manipulation used by the British. This book charts the cultural and educational aspects of British colonial rule in Cyprus and analyses what these policies reveal about the internal struggles on the island between 1931 and 1960. Cyprus had been under British occupation since 1878, but it was in the 1930s that educational policies acquired a strong political significance and became essential in preserving the British position on the island. The co-existence of two very strongly-held and eventually conflicting national identities in Cyprus, Greek-Orthodox and Turkish Muslim, inevitably led to the politicisation of education and culture on the island. Therefore, any attempts to impose British culture, language and way of thinking onto Cypriots, or even to create a distinct Cypriot identity, had very limited success. Gradually, the education system reflected the shifting political developments in colonial Cyprus. By the start of the 1950s, schools had become a breeding ground for discontent and between 1955 and 1959 they were an indispensable part of the EOKA revolt. In this book, Antigone Heraclidou provides a new dimension to the understanding and origins of the deadlock that was to prove one of the most intractable in the final years of the British Empire.

British Imperialism and Turkish Nationalism in Cyprus, 1923-1939
British Imperialism and Turkish Nationalism in Cyprus, 1923-1939

Author: Ilia Xypolia

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-11-20

Total Pages: 194

ISBN-13: 1315410834

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As Cyprus experienced British imperial rule between 1878 and 1960, Greek and Turkish nationalism on the island developed at different times and at different speeds. Relations between Turkish Cypriots and the British on the one hand, and Greek Cypriots and the British on the other, were often asymmetrical with the Muslim community undergoing an enormous change in terms of national/ethnic identity and class characteristics. Turkish Cypriot nationalism developed belatedly as a militant nationalist and anti-Enosis movement. This book explores the relationship between the emergence of Turkish national identity and British colonial rule in the 1920s and 1930s.

Cyprus
Cyprus

Author: William Mallinson

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2005-05-27

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 0857730738

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In the troubled island of Cyprus, the national interests and rivalries of Greece and Turkey still collide, the population remains divided between the Greek and Turkish communities and the country is still a cat's paw of outside powers - especially the USA and the now resurgent Russia - as it has been since the acquisition of the island by Britain in 1878. Global rivalry between the great powers and Cyprus's vitally strategic position in the Eastern Mediterranean - a 'listening post' in the Cold War and even today - has meant that the populations have never been free to shape their own destinies which have been constantly influenced by great power interests. These are problems that have been brought into sharp focus by Cyprus's entry into the European Union. William Mallinson's book is a fast-moving and incisive narrative history which portrays Cyprus as a continuing source of international tension in the Mediterranean and beyond. It features the latest source material from the recently released National Archive, vivid interviews with key players, even reports which raise awkward and embarrassing questions. His critical eye uncovers the underlying story of American and British involvement in the island's affairs, first as a key territory in Cold War politics with its close proximity to the Middle East and Asia and now as a key asset in the 'war on terror'. Mallinson's new insights and revelations on the period leading up to and following the Turkish invasion in 1974, when Greece and Turkey - both NATO members - were on the brink of war are fascinating and make essential reading. Henry Kissinger is seen to be even more the master puppeteer, pressuring Britain not to give up her bases. Mallinson examines how after the Turkish invasion Kissinger planned the abortive Annan Plan to divide the island and how he regarded the retention of Cyprus as vital for a future solution of the Arab-Israeli problem. For Kissinger Cyprus was the important square on the 'world chequer-board' while British influence continued to decline and her independence in foreign policy was virtually non-existent. Mallinson also explores how Turkey's drive to join the EU will affect not only stability in Cyprus but also the whole region, as Russia's influence in the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean expands. So, in William Mallinson's words, 'Cyprus lies [still] at the epicentre of this whole geopolitical merry-go-round'.