Cycles of Time and Scientific Learning in Medieval Europe

Cycles of Time and Scientific Learning in Medieval Europe

Author: Wesley M. Stevens

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2024-10-28

Total Pages: 319

ISBN-13: 1040251390

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The calendar worked out by Bede remains essentially the one we still use today, yet the mathematical and scientific studies of the early medieval schools have been largely neglected in most discussions of the cultural and intellectual history of Latin Europe. These articles by Wesley Stevens are based on an unrivalled knowledge of the manuscript sources and provide a very different perspective, demonstrating the real vitality of this science in the early medieval West. Working from the original texts and diagrams, he identifies and explains mathematical reckonings and astronomical cycles by early Greek, Roman and Christian scholars. Through made for religious purposes, those early studies created a demand for standard arithmetic, geometry and astronomy, and this remained of often intense interest through into the 9th century, in the schools of Fulda and Reichenau. One paper here further sets out to correct much mis-information on the ideas of Isidore, Boniface and other church fathers; a second, revised especially for this volume, looks in detail at Bede’s scientific achievements, his theories of latitudes and tides, as well as his cosmology and computus.


Dating the Passion

Dating the Passion

Author: C. Philipp E. Nothaft

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2011-09-30

Total Pages: 330

ISBN-13: 9004212191

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Drawing on computistical and astronomical sources from late antiquity to the Renaissance, this book demonstrates how pre-modern Christian attempts to determine the principal dates of the life of Jesus played an essential role in the development of historical chronology.


Learning and Culture in Carolingian Europe

Learning and Culture in Carolingian Europe

Author: John J. Contreni

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2024-10-28

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 1040242081

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Nine of the ten essays in this collection appeared first between 1995 and 2005. Centered in the Carolingian age, they explore how the seventh-century Visio Baronti was read in the ninth century and how social and cultural imperatives transformed the life of scholarship, schools and learning in Carolingian Europe. Several essays consider the significance of numerical and scientific studies in the Carolingian curriculum, including the impact of Bede's scientific works in the schools and on the thought of John Scottus (Eriugena). Another reconstructs Eriugena's early career in light of his Glossae divinae historiae. Carolingian biblical culture is the subject of two essays, including a reading of Haimo of Auxerre's commentary on Ezechiel that highlights the unfinished and unpublished commentary's critique of Carolingian society. A poem in the Anthologia Latina long ascribed to Octavian, the Roman emperor, is restored to the monastic culture of the ninth century. Finally, an article on the Laon Formulary, originally published in French in 1973, is here translated and revised.


Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine

Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine

Author: Thomas F. Glick

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-01-27

Total Pages: 625

ISBN-13: 1135459320

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Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine details the whole scope of scientific knowledge in the medieval period in more than 300 A to Z entries. This resource discusses the research, application of knowledge, cultural and technology exchanges, experimentation, and achievements in the many disciplines related to science and technology. Coverage includes inventions, discoveries, concepts, places and fields of study, regions, and significant contributors to various fields of science. There are also entries on South-Central and East Asian science. This reference work provides an examination of medieval scientific tradition as well as an appreciation for the relationship between medieval science and the traditions it supplanted and those that replaced it. For a full list of entries, contributors, and more, visit the Routledge Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages website.


Astronomical Knowledge Transmission Through Illustrated Aratea Manuscripts

Astronomical Knowledge Transmission Through Illustrated Aratea Manuscripts

Author: Marion Dolan

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-08-22

Total Pages: 482

ISBN-13: 3319567845

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This carefully researched monograph is a historical investigation of the illustrated Aratea astronomical manuscript and its many interpretations over the centuries. Aratus' 270 B.C.E. Greek poem describing the constellations and astrological phenomena was translated and copied over 800 years into illuminated manuscripts that preserved and illustrated these ancient stories about the constellations. The Aratea survives in its entirety due to multiple translations from Greek to Latin and even to Arabic, with many illuminated versions being commissioned over the ages. The survey encompasses four interrelated disciplines: history of literature, history of myth, history of science, and history of art. Aratea manuscripts by their nature are a meeting place of these distinct branches, and the culling of information from historical literature and from the manuscripts themselves focuses on a wider, holistic view; a narrow approach could not provide a proper prospective. What is most essential to know about this work is that because of its successive incarnations it has survived and been reinterpreted through the centuries, which speaks to its importance in all of these disciplines. This book brings a better understanding of the history, changes and transmission of the original astronomical Phaenomena poem. Historians, art historians, astronomy lovers, and historians of astronomy will learn more specialized details concerning the Aratea and how the tradition survived from the Middle Ages. It is a credit to the poetry of Aratus and the later interpreters of the text that its pagan aspects were not edited nor removed, but respected and maintained in the exact same form despite the fact that all sixty Aratea manuscripts mentioned in this study were produced under the rule of Christianity.


Decoding Astronomy in Art and Architecture

Decoding Astronomy in Art and Architecture

Author: Marion Dolan

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-09-17

Total Pages: 356

ISBN-13: 3030765113

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For centuries, our ancestors carefully observed the movements of the heavens and wove that astronomical knowledge into their city planning, architecture, mythology, paintings, sculpture, and poetry. This book uncovers the hidden messages and advanced science encoded within these sacred spaces, showing how the rhythmic motions of the night sky played a central role across many different cultures. Our astronomical tour transports readers through time and space, from prehistoric megaliths to Renaissance paintings, Greco-Roman temples to Inca architecture. Along the way, you will investigate unexpected findings at Lascaux, Delphi, Petra, Angkor Wat, Borobudur, and many more archaeological sites both famous and little known. Through these vivid examples, you will come to appreciate the masterful ways that astronomical knowledge was incorporated into each society’s religion and mythology, then translated into their physical surroundings. The latest archaeoastronomical studies and discoveries are recounted through a poetic and nontechnical narrative, revealing how many longstanding beliefs about our ancestors are being overturned. Through this celestial journey, readers of all backgrounds will learn the basics about this exciting field and share in the wonders of cultural astronomy.


Transformations of Time and Temporality in Medieval and Renaissance Art

Transformations of Time and Temporality in Medieval and Renaissance Art

Author: Simona Cohen

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2014-03-10

Total Pages: 392

ISBN-13: 9004267867

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Although studies of specific time concepts, expressed in Renaissance philosophy and literature, have not been lacking, few art-historians have endeavored to meet the challenge in the visual arts. This book presents a multifaceted picture of the dynamic concepts of time and temporality in medieval and Renaissance art, adopted in speculative, ecclesiastical, socio-political, propagandist, moralistic, and poetic contexts. It has been assumed that time was conceived in a different way by those living in the Renaissance as compared to their medieval predecessors. Changing perceptions of time, an increasingly secular approach, the sense of self-determination rooted in the practical use and control of time, and the perception of time as a threat to human existence and achievements are demonstrated through artistic media. Chapters dealing with time in classical and medieval philosophy and art are followed by studies that focus on innovative aspects of Renaissance iconography.


A Social History of Disability in the Middle Ages

A Social History of Disability in the Middle Ages

Author: Irina Metzler

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 348

ISBN-13: 0415822599

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This book covers the social history of disability in the Middle Ages. By exploring cultural discourses of medieval disability, the volume opens up the subject of disability history prior to the modern period. The wealth, variety and significance of sources inform how law, work, age and charity affected medieval disability.


The Construction of Communities in the Early Middle Ages

The Construction of Communities in the Early Middle Ages

Author: Richard Corradini

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 458

ISBN-13: 9004118624

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This volume provides a complex discussion of the variety of social efforts which were undertaken to create meaningful communities in the process of the formation of the early medieval gentes and kingdoms in the post-Roman west.


Time: Sense, Space, Structure

Time: Sense, Space, Structure

Author:

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2016-05-09

Total Pages: 472

ISBN-13: 9004312315

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The essays in this volume explore the nature of time, our God-given medium of ascent, known, as Augustine puts it, through the ordered study of the “liberal disciplines that carry the mind to the divine (disciplinae liberales intellectum efferunt ad divina)”: grammar and dialectic, for example, to promote thinking; geometry and astronomy to grasp the dimensions of our reality; music, an invisible substance like time itself, as an exemplary bridge to the unseen substance of thoughts, ideas, and the nature of God (theology). This ascending course of study rests on procedure, progress, and attainment — on before, following, and afterwards — whose goal is an ascending erudition that lets us finally contemplate, as Augustine says in De ordine, our invisible medium — time — within time itself: time is immaterial, but experienced as substantial. The essays here look at projects that chronicle time “from the beginning,” that clarify ideas of creation “in time” and “simultaneous times,” and the interrelationships between measured time and eternity, including “no-time.” Essays also examine time as revealed in social and political contexts, as told by clocks, as notated in music and embodied in memorializing stone. In the final essays of this volume, time is understood as the subject and medium of consciousness. As Adrian Bardon says, “time is not so much a ‘what’ as a ‘how’”: a solution to “organizing experience and modeling events.” Contributors are (in order within the volume) Jesse W. Torgerson, Ken A. Grant, Danielle B. Joyner, Nancy van Deusen, Peter Casarella, Aaron Canty, Jordan Kirk, Vera von der Osten-Sacken, Gerhard Jaritz, Jason Aleksander, Sara E. Melzer, Mark Howard, Andrew Eschelbacher, Hans J. Rindisbacher, James F. Knapp, Peggy A. Knapp, Raymond Knapp, Michael Cole, Ike Kamphof and Leonard Michael Koff.