Culture in Negotiations across Cultures in Business. An Encounter and Business Negotiations between Iceland and Portugal
Culture in Negotiations across Cultures in Business. An Encounter and Business Negotiations between Iceland and Portugal

Author: Julian Rudolf

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2020-10-26

Total Pages: 30

ISBN-13: 3346281825

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Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Corporate communication, grade: 1.3, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, language: English, abstract: The paper focuses on the role of culture in negotiations across cultures in business. Starting point of the paper will be the theoretical analysis of the selected cultures of Portugal and Iceland with the help of relevant theories/approaches regarding culture’s impact on negotiations. The impact of culture on negotiations in business will then be analyzed in a practical part with the help of a specific critical incident with focus on the Portuguese and Icelandic culture. The paper focuses on selected cultural aspects. The focus was chosen on aspects that show the most interesting differences between the cultures of Iceland and Portugal and that are most interesting for the critical incident. The paper focuses on communication aspects, that are important during negotiations, as well as the monochronic and polychronic time orientation and Gestelands’ pattern of relationship-focus and deal-focus. Cross-cultural negotiations are getting more and more important in the business context. Doing business abroad, using sources and hiring workforce from other cultures make cross-cultural negotiations between professionals necessary, especially in times of globalization. In international business, great benefits can be gained from cross-cultural negotiations, nevertheless negotiations across cultures are more complex than negotiations between persons from the same country or culture. Negotiations between people from different cultures add an entire dimension to any negotiation introducing inter alia language barriers, differences in body language and alternative ways of expressing pleasure or displeasure with the elements of the deal that is negotiated. A professional negotiator has to understand the cultures of the participants, as well as culturally specific aspects. People that are involved in international negotiations have to acquire a skill set that is useful in the prevention of undesired perceptions and that promotes successful negotiation outcomes. According to the authors Shi and Wright the business executive’s work has an increasingly international orientation and international business negotiation becomes an important competency in a global business environment.

The Palgrave Handbook of Cross-Cultural Business Negotiation
The Palgrave Handbook of Cross-Cultural Business Negotiation

Author: Mohammad Ayub Khan

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-12-13

Total Pages: 577

ISBN-13: 3030002772

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Global business management issues and concerns are complex, diverse, changing, and often intractable. Industry actors and policy makers alike rely upon partnerships and alliances for developing and growing sustainable business organizations and ventures. As a result, global business leaders must be well-versed in managing and leading multidimensional human relationships and business networks – requiring skill and expertise in conducting the negotiation processes that these entail. After laying out a foundation justifying the importance of studying negotiation in a global context, this book will detail conventional and contemporary theories regarding international engagement, culture, cultural difference, and cross-cultural interaction, with particular focus on their influence on negotiation. Building on these elements, the book will provide a broad array of country-specific chapters, each describing and analyzing the negotiation culture of businesspeople in a different country around the world. Finally, the book will look ahead, with an eye towards identifying and anticipating new trends and developments in the field of global negotiation. This text will appeal to scholars and researchers in international business, cross-cultural studies, and conflict management who seek to understand the challenges of intercultural communication and negotiation. It will provide trainers and consultants with the insights they need to prepare their clients for intercultural negotiation. Finally, the text will appeal to businesspeople who find themselves heading out to engage with counterparts in another country, or operating in other multinational environments on a regular basis.

Cross-Cultural Business Negotiations
Cross-Cultural Business Negotiations

Author: Donald W. Hendon

Publisher: Praeger

Published: 1996-08-06

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13:

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International business negotiations are made difficult by problems of communication and culture. This book aims to show how to conduct international business communications successfully by seeing what is important about the transactions through the eyes of

Cultural Impact on Models of Negotiation using the Example of Distributive Negotiations
Cultural Impact on Models of Negotiation using the Example of Distributive Negotiations

Author: Niklas Dahlen

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2018-05-16

Total Pages: 110

ISBN-13: 3668704635

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Bachelor Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,3, EBC University Hamburg, language: English, abstract: Published in 1982, Howard Raiffa’s book "The Art and Science of Negotiation" constitutes the dawn of a new era with its asymmetrically prescriptive/descriptive orientation. It consolidated distinctive approaches, boosted research and overcame thinking barriers. In times of a globalized, highly interdependent world with multibillion dollar cross border M&A transactions, international business negotiations are an essential part of the global economy and shape a company’s success. This thesis describes the cultural dimensions of Hofstede and Hall and additionally Raiffa’s negotiation analysis from the perspective of distributive negotiations. A new approach for international business negotiations is introduced which should enable negotiators to deal with differences at an international stage. In order to understand if and how culture affects negotiation hypotheses are derived from theoretical grounded work. By conducting several interviews with negotiators from different cultural backgrounds, tendencies are illustrated and the question whether further empirical research is needed is answered. The interviews show that negotiations between individuals from countries with different power distance indexes often lead to non-agreements. Moreover, the interviewees think that negotiators with an individualist mindset are more likely to reach an agreement in distributive negotiations. Lastly, the interview reveals that negotiators from a country scoring high in masculinity tend to apply rather distributive than integrative negotiation styles. Further validation of the hypotheses with case stud-ies and experiments have yet to be conducted.

e-Negotiations
e-Negotiations

Author: Nicholas Harkiolakis

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2016-04-29

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 1317143760

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Practical negotiating skills, including those needed for cross-cultural negotiations have long been taught in classrooms, along with some of the theory that underpins them. Most of this has been based on the notion that negotiation will be interpersonal and face-to-face. In recent years, though, globalization, the telecommunications boom and the ever increasing need for today's professionals to conduct cross-cultural business transactions has led to a new way of negotiating, bargaining, and resolving disputes. In e-Negotiations, Nicholas Harkiolakis and his co-authors highlight the challenge that awaits the young professionals who are today training in business schools. Future dispute resolutions and bargaining will take place between faceless disputants involved in a new kind of social process. Any adolescent with a mobile phone and Internet access knows that most of today's social transactions take place via a hand held or other electronic device. In a world of video conferences, chat rooms, Skype, Facebook, and MySpace, critical financial, business and political decisions are made through interaction between two-dimensional characters on screens. Here, the authors compare and contrast e-negotiation as it currently is with traditional face-to-face negotiation. Case studies illustrate how cross-cultural negotiations can be managed through modern channels of social influence and information-sharing and shed light on the critical social, cognitive and behavioral role of the negotiator in resolving on-line, cross-cultural, conflicts and disputes, and generally in bargaining and negotiation. This book, with its practical exercises, will be of immense help to students and professionals needing to 'practice' with the new negotiating media.

Handbook of Global and Multicultural Negotiation
Handbook of Global and Multicultural Negotiation

Author: Christopher W. Moore

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2010-02-04

Total Pages: 626

ISBN-13: 0470573449

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Praise for Handbook of Global and Multicultural Negotiation "In today's globalized world, few competencies are as essential as the ability to negotiate across cultures. In this insightful and practical book, Chris Moore and Peter Woodrow draw on their extensive global experience to help us understand the intricacies of seeking to reach intercultural agreements and show us how to get to a wise yes. I recommend it highly!" William Ury coauthor, Getting to Yes, and author, The Power of a Positive No "Rich in the experience of the authors and the lessons they share, we learn that culture is more than our clothing, rituals, and food. It is the way we arrange time, space, language, manners, and meaning. This book teaches us to understand our own culture so we are open to the other and gives us practical strategies to coordinate our cultural approaches to negotiations and reach sustainable agreements." Meg Taylor compliance advisor/ombudsman of the World Bank Group and former ambassador of Papua New Guinea to the United States of America and Mexico "In a globalized multicultural world, everyone from the president of the United States to the leaders of the Taliban, from the CEO of Mittal Steel to the steelworkers in South Africa, needs to read this book. Chris Moore and Peter Woodrow have used their global experience and invented the definitive tool for communication in the twenty-first century!" Vasu Gounden founder and executive director, ACCORD, South Africa "Filled with practical advice and informed by sound research, the Handbook of Global and Multicultural Negotiation brings into one location an extraordinary and comprehensive set of resources for navigating conflict and negotiation in our multicultural world. More important, the authors speak from decades of experience, providing the best book on the topic to date a gift to scholars and practitioners alike." John Paul Lederach Professor of International Peacebuilding, Kroc Institute, University of Notre Dame

Cross-cultural Negotiation: Ireland-Germany
Cross-cultural Negotiation: Ireland-Germany

Author: Sandra Urban

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2005-03-03

Total Pages: 44

ISBN-13: 3638354695

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Bachelor Thesis from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,7, Dublin Institute of Technology, course: International Business and Languages, language: English, abstract: Why do business negotiations often go wrong, although English is a widely and well spoken business language? Successful communication depends not only on the level of language; it is predetermined by the cultural knowledge, values and norms. Only when going abroad or meeting other cultures, people may step out of their selfreference criteria and are able to become aware of their own as well as the other’s culture. Everything that used to be normal with regarding to behaviour, attitude and values, and therefore someone was unaware of in their own culture, suddenly becomes strangely embedded in a newly occurring situation. In spite of a huge amount of literature available about cross-cultural communication, there is little useful information, which is applicable to practical and specific situations like Irish-German negotiations. Especially, it is very difficult to acquire empirical data from negotiation processes as the influences of a third person have a considerable effect on the other communication partners’ actions and thus the value of the process is degraded. The usage of cultural dimensions from Hofstede, Trompenaars and Hall are widely quoted and used for putting cultures into categories. In the meantime, these dimensions lack examples regarding the behaviour of cultures in certain situations. Mostly, they fail to explain the reasons for cultural behaviour, which refer to the underlying values, norms and beliefs. In addition to some of these dimensions, I will make use of communication styles and social custom in order to describe likely situation where tension between Irish and German negotiations can arise. But what is more, I will try to explain the reasons for these incidents. These explanations should give the reader a further understanding of both cultures’ values. As I am a Germannative speaker, there may be a little bias in the explanations regarding the German cultural values.

The Handbook of Negotiation and Culture
The Handbook of Negotiation and Culture

Author: Michele J. Gelfand

Publisher: Stanford University Press

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 478

ISBN-13: 0804745862

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In the global marketplace, negotiation frequently takes place across cultural boundaries, yet negotiation theory has traditionally been grounded in Western culture. This book, which provides an in-depth review of the field of negotiation theory, expands current thinking to include cross-cultural perspectives. The contents of the book reflect the diversity of negotiation—research-negotiator cognition, motivation, emotion, communication, power and disputing, intergroup relationships, third parties, justice, technology, and social dilemmas—and provides new insight into negotiation theory, questioning assumptions, expanding constructs, and identifying limits not apparent from working exclusively within one culture. The book is organized in three sections and pairs chapters on negotiation theory with chapters on culture. The first part emphasizes psychological processes—cognition, motivation, and emotion. Part II examines the negotiation process. The third part emphasizes the social context of negotiation. A final chapter synthesizes the main themes of the book to illustrate how scholars and practitioners can capitalize on the synergy between culture and negotiation research.

Business Negotiations in ELF from a Cultural Linguistic Perspective
Business Negotiations in ELF from a Cultural Linguistic Perspective

Author: Milene Mendes de Oliveira

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2019-11-18

Total Pages: 227

ISBN-13: 311063046X

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Some of the most frequent questions surrounding business negotiations address not only the nature of such negotiations, but also how they should be conducted. The answers given by business people from different cultural backgrounds to these questions are likely to differ from the standard answers found in business manuals. In her book, Milene Mendes de Oliveira investigates how Brazilian and German business people conceptualize and act out business negotiations using English as a Lingua Franca. The frameworks of Cultural Linguistics, English as a Lingua Franca, World Englishes, and Business Discourse offer the theoretical and methodological grounding for the analysis of interviews with high-ranking Brazilian and German business people. Moreover, a side study on e-mail exchanges between Brazilian and German employees of a healthcare company serves as a test case for the results arising from the interviews, and helps understand other facets of authentic intercultural business communication. Offering new insights on English as a Lingua Franca in international business contexts, Business Negotiations in ELF from a Cultural Linguistic Perspective simultaneously provides a detailed cultural-conceptual account of business negotiations from the viewpoint of Brazilian and German business people and a secondary analysis of their pragmatic aspects.

Intercultural Business Negotiations
Intercultural Business Negotiations

Author: Jean-Claude Usunier

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-10-08

Total Pages: 364

ISBN-13: 1351268147

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Negotiations occupy a prominent place in the world of business, especially when it comes to international deals. In an increasingly global business environment, understanding and managing cultural differences is key to successful negotiations. This book highlights two basic components of negotiations: the Deal and the Relationship. Countries and cultures place different value and priority on these components both in the negotiation process and in the outcome. Intercultural Business Negotiations provides a guiding framework that is both refined and contextualized and provides managers with the key skills necessary to navigate difficult negotiations where partners may differ in terms of culture, communication style, time orientation, as well as personal and professional backgrounds. The book systematically examines both dispositional and situational aspects of negotiations in interaction with cultural factors. Intercultural Business Negotiations is an accessible resource for managers, leaders, and those interested in or studying business negotiations globally. It is accompanied by an author run companion website containing negotiation simulations, instructions for players, and teaching notes for instructors.