Criticisms of the Einstein Field Equation

Criticisms of the Einstein Field Equation

Author: Myron Evans

Publisher: Cambridge International Science Publishing

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781907343285

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In about 1915, Einstein and Hilbert independently inferred a field equation of general relativity based on the geometry then known to them. Almost since inception this equation was criticised by prominent physicists and mathematicians, notably Schroedinger (1918) and Cartan (early twenties). The latter clearly informed Einstein that the type of geometry that he used had a fundamental error in it, it omitted consideration of a quantity known as spacetime torsion and used the wrong symmetry for the geometrical connection. These criticisms were brushed aside when Eddington claimed to have verified a prediction of the theory, the angle of deflection of light grazing the sun was twice the Newtonian value. It is well known by now that this claim by Eddington was subjective, the usual mistake was made of choosing data to fit a theory. It finally became clear that the field equation is hopelessly incorrect when the velocity curves of spiral galaxies were discovered in the late fifties. About that time a new generation of mathematicians and theoretical physicists began to elevate the Einstein field equation into the realms of pure mythology, it was claimed to have produced "big bang" (a derisory term coined by Sir Fred Hoyle). It is now known experimentally that this claim is again hopelessly wrong. So there is a domino effect going on, all that is known about the universe is totally wrong as one BBC programme put it recently. The reason for this is the use of the wrong type of geometry by Einstein, right at the beginning of the subject. In 2003 one of the four authors of this book began to construct a unified field theory of general relativity called "Einstein Cartan Evans" or ECE theory. This time, the geometry was correct, and physics was based on torsion. The ECE theory has developed into about 168 source papers to date and several books and articles by ECE scholars. It has made a phenomenal worldwide impact, indicating a great dissatisfaction with the obsolete physics. This book is the first to collect the severe criticisms of Einstein that are now commonplace. Not only have cosmologists adhered to an incorrect geometry, like glue stuck to marble, but they have also compounded this error by using incorrect methods of solution of an incorrect equation. The result is, unsurprisingly, totally wrong. One of the four authors of this book is the most severe and tenacious critic of these methods, Stephen Crothers, whose careful scholarship has unearthed some amazing mistakes repeated in perpetuity. The first chapter is an introduction by Myron Evans, and in the second chapter he summarizes the development of ECE theory. The third chapter is by Stephen Crothers, and summarizes his numerous criticisms of the incorrect methods of Einsteinian cosmology, criticisms made with characteristic intellectual honesty for more than a decade.The fourth chapter is by Horst Eckardt, who makes use of computer algebra and the Evans Identity of geometry to show that all the metrics that are solutions of the Einstein field equation are incorrect due to neglect of torsion. The computer algebra ensures correctness and is the only way to deal with the often bizarre complexity of the meaningless and obsolete physics that grew like detritus around the Einstein field equation. The fifth chapter is by one of the leading astronomers in Britain, Kerry Pendergast, who gives a readable account of the new post Einsteinian astronomy, how ECE theory should be used in astronomy and how to come to grips with Hawking's sudden abandonment of his big bang theory in 2005.


The Cambridge Companion to Einstein

The Cambridge Companion to Einstein

Author: Michel Janssen

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2014-05-19

Total Pages: 579

ISBN-13: 0521828341

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These fourteen essays by leading historians and philosophers of science introduce the reader to the work of Albert Einstein. Following an introduction that places Einstein's work in the context of his life and times, the essays explain his main contributions to physics in terms that are accessible to a general audience, including special and general relativity, quantum physics, statistical physics, and unified field theory. The closing essays explore the relation between Einstein's work and twentieth-century philosophy, as well as his political writings.


The Infinite Universe

The Infinite Universe

Author: Tim Andersen

Publisher:

Published: 2020-05-04

Total Pages: 96

ISBN-13:

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This book is for anyone who wants a fresh approach to modern physics. Are you tired of amusing anecdotes about scientists' personal lives and eureka moments? Bored of chronological narratives of scientific progress through the ages? No longer wowed by ideas like string theory? Interested in first principles thinking and what it can do for you? This book is for you. This book is designed to take you step by step through the fundamental principles that underlie the physics of space, time, and matter. It is a how-to guide for building up our universe from first principles. By posing questions and answering them with illustrations and examples, the book shows how we can demonstrate what we know about the universe with simple concepts and thought experiments. With this book, you too can apply first principles to build up your own model of the universe and how it works, one you can take with you, and apply it to other areas of your life such as your job, business, even your relationships. There are no complicated mathematics in this book and I have minimized the amount of jargon. Thus, it is suitable anyone of any educational background from high school on. The book aims to be straightforward about how we get from simple ideas to complex physical theories. So, if you are interested in a new way of looking at the universe and are not afraid to unlearn some of what you have learned, take a look inside.


Semiclassical and Stochastic Gravity

Semiclassical and Stochastic Gravity

Author: Bei-Lok B. Hu

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2020-03-05

Total Pages: 615

ISBN-13: 0521193575

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An overview of semi-classical gravity theory and stochastic gravity as theories of quantum gravity in curved space-time.


General Relativity

General Relativity

Author: Michael J W Hall

Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Published: 2018-03-23

Total Pages: 159

ISBN-13: 1681748843

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This book is based on a set of 18 class-tested lectures delivered to fourth-year physics undergraduates at Griffith University in Brisbane, and the book presents new discoveries by the Nobel-prize winning LIGO collaboration. The author begins with a review of special relativity and tensors and then develops the basic elements of general relativity (a beautiful theory that unifies special relativity and gravitation via geometry) with applications to the gravitational deflection of light, global positioning systems, black holes, gravitational waves, and cosmology. The book provides readers with a solid understanding of the underlying physical concepts; an ability to appreciate and in many cases derive important applications of the theory; and a solid grounding for those wishing to pursue their studies further. General Relativity: An Introduction to Black Holes, Gravitational Waves, and Cosmology also connects general relativity with broader topics. There is no doubt that general relativity is an active and exciting field of physics, and this book successfully transmits that excitement to readers.


The Many Faces of Maxwell, Dirac and Einstein Equations

The Many Faces of Maxwell, Dirac and Einstein Equations

Author: Waldyr A. Rodrigues

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-07-03

Total Pages: 452

ISBN-13: 3540712925

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This book is a comprehensive reference on differential geometry. It shows that Maxwell, Dirac and Einstein fields, which were originally considered objects of a very different mathematical nature, have representatives as objects of the same mathematical nature. The book also analyzes some foundational issues of relativistic field theories. All calculation procedures are illustrated by many exercises that are solved in detail.


Theory of Relativity, Elements and Criticism

Theory of Relativity, Elements and Criticism

Author: José Tiberius

Publisher: Molwick

Published: 2017-11-01

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13: 8415328818

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The Theory of Relativity is one of the most complex in the history of science. Together with Darwin’s theory, it is also one of the most controversial, despite the number of experiments that have supposedly confirmed it. Some aspects are conventionally consistent; for example, as it is currently defined, time is relative. However, it does not make much sense the official definition of the unit of time is sensitive to the gravitational field or speed; since it would have been logical to establish it, including these two specific conditions, as it does with temperature and others. This book analyzes the basic concepts: • Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz transformations –3D Pitagoras theorem, the principles of Poincaré, and interpretations of the Michelson-Morley experiment as immediate antecedents of relativistic physics. • Ad hoc postulates of Einstein's relativity, or better said axioms! • The unusual terminology of the theory: thought experiments, observer as a reference frame, inertial and non-inertial frames, and many more. • The Euclidean space and the types in Einstein’s theory as the geometry of Minkowsky and Riemann. • Concept of inertial, gravitational, and relativistic mass. • The weakness of the twin paradox in Special Relativity. • Principle of equivalence incorporating gravity with General Relativity. Since it only explains 5% of the energy-mass of the observable universe and its peculiar characteristics, it belongs to the books of Global Metaphysics.


Exact Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations

Exact Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations

Author: Hans Stephani

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2009-09-24

Total Pages: 732

ISBN-13: 9780521467025

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A completely revised and updated edition of this classic text, covering important new methods and many recently discovered solutions. This edition contains new chapters on generation methods and their application, classification of metrics by invariants, and treatments of homothetic motions and methods from dynamical systems theory. It also includes colliding waves, inhomogeneous cosmological solutions, and spacetimes containing special subspaces.


Physics of the 20th Century

Physics of the 20th Century

Author: Pascual Jordan

Publisher: Davidson Press

Published: 2007-03

Total Pages: 96

ISBN-13: 1406744921

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PREFACE. THE Author of this very practical treatise on Scotch Loch - Fishing desires clearly that it may be of use to all who had it. He does not pretend to have written anything new, but to have attempted to put what he has to say in as readable a form as possible. Everything in the way of the history and habits of fish has been studiously avoided, and technicalities have been used as sparingly as possible. The writing of this book has afforded him pleasure in his leisure moments, and that pleasure would be much increased if he knew that the perusal of it would create any bond of sympathy between himself and the angling community in general. This section is interleaved with blank shects for the readers notes. The Author need hardly say that any suggestions addressed to the case of the publishers, will meet with consideration in a future edition. We do not pretend to write or enlarge upon a new subject. Much has been said and written-and well said and written too on the art of fishing but loch-fishing has been rather looked upon as a second-rate performance, and to dispel this idea is one of the objects for which this present treatise has been written. Far be it from us to say anything against fishing, lawfully practised in any form but many pent up in our large towns will bear us out when me say that, on the whole, a days loch-fishing is the most convenient. One great matter is, that the loch-fisher is depend- ent on nothing but enough wind to curl the water, -and on a large loch it is very seldom that a dead calm prevails all day, -and can make his arrangements for a day, weeks beforehand whereas the stream- fisher is dependent for a good take on the state of the water and however pleasant and easy it may be for one living near the banks of a good trout stream or river, it is quite another matter to arrange for a days river-fishing, if one is looking forward to a holiday at a date some weeks ahead. Providence may favour the expectant angler with a good day, and the water in order but experience has taught most of us that the good days are in the minority, and that, as is the case with our rapid running streams, -such as many of our northern streams are, -the water is either too large or too small, unless, as previously remarked, you live near at hand, and can catch it at its best. A common belief in regard to loch-fishing is, that the tyro and the experienced angler have nearly the same chance in fishing, -the one from the stern and the other from the bow of the same boat. Of all the absurd beliefs as to loch-fishing, this is one of the most absurd. Try it. Give the tyro either end of the boat he likes give him a cast of ally flies he may fancy, or even a cast similar to those which a crack may be using and if he catches one for every three the other has, he may consider himself very lucky. Of course there are lochs where the fish are not abundant, and a beginner may come across as many as an older fisher but we speak of lochs where there are fish to be caught, and where each has a fair chance. Again, it is said that the boatman has as much to do with catching trout in a loch as the angler. Well, we dont deny that. In an untried loch it is necessary to have the guidance of a good boatman but the same argument holds good as to stream-fishing...


The Curious History of Relativity

The Curious History of Relativity

Author: Jean Eisenstaedt

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2018-06-05

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13: 0691186758

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Black holes may obliterate most things that come near them, but they saved the theory of general relativity. Einstein's theory was quickly accepted as the true theory of gravity after its publication in 1915, but soon took a back seat in physics to quantum mechanics and languished for decades on the blackboards of mathematicians. Not until the existence of black holes by Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose in the 1960s, after Einstein's death, was the theory revived. Almost one hundred years after general relativity replaced Newton's theory of gravitation, The Curious History of Relativity tells the story of both events surrounding general relativity and the techniques employed by Einstein and the relativists to construct, develop, and understand his almost impenetrable theory. Jean Eisenstaedt, one of the world's leading experts on the subject, also discusses the theory's place in the evolution of twentieth-century physics. He describes the main stages in the development of general relativity: its beginnings, its strange crossing of the desert during Einstein's lifetime while under heated criticism, and its new life from the 1960s on, when it became vital to the understanding of black holes and the observation of exotic objects, and, eventually, to the discovery of the accelerating universe. We witness Einstein's construction of his theory, as well as the work of his fascinated, discouraged, and enthusiastic colleagues--physicists, mathematicians, and astronomers. Written with flair, The Curious History of Relativity poses--and answers--the difficult questions raised by Einstein's magnificent intellectual feat.