People working in high-risk environments need to be sensitive to others' reactions to critical stress. Critical incident stress management (CISM) is now a well-established method in crisis intervention and one that is needed within aviation. This book de
Critical incident stress management (CISM) is now a well-established method in crisis intervention, and one that is clearly needed within aviation. However, there are many peculiarities in this branch of CISM which require thorough consideration. People working in high-reliability environments need to be sensitive to others' reactions to critical stress. They are the normal reactions of normal people in abnormal situations. However, to ensure this a proper programme must be put in place, based on a scientific and standardized approach. This book describes the various methods and elements of the CISM model, as well as their interventions. It also investigates the benefits of CISM on the individual level and on an organisational strategic level. It details CISM training and courses, and features a case study based on the Überlingen accident of 2002. Critical Incident Stress Management in Aviation will be of direct relevance to human factors experts, safety managers, ATCOs and air navigation service providers, though there is also much that will be of interest to aviation physicians, psychologists and airport/airline managers.
This practical guide is designed to enable individual pilots, training departments and airline managers to better understand and use the techniques of facilitation. Based on extensive field studies by the editors and invited contributors, it presents an easily accessible guide to the philosophy of facilitation combined with practical applications designed to improve training and flight operations. Illustrated with realistic examples from aviation settings, and specifically designed for aviation professionals, the applications include: * debriefing of training sessions * crew self-debriefing of line operations * analysis of problematic flight incidents * assisting crew members after traumatic events It will be essential reading for managers and instructors in airline training departments, flight training organizations, flight schools and researchers in flight training.
The nosological roots of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be traced back to th~American Psychiatric Association's DSM-I entry of gross stress reaction, as published in 1952. Yet the origins of the current enthusi asm with regard to post-traumatic stress can be traced back to 1980, which marked the emergence of the term post-traumatic stress disorder in the DSM III. This reflected the American Psychiatric Association's acknowledgment of post-traumatic stress as a discrete, phenomenologically unique, and reli able psychopathological entity at a time in American history when such recognition had important social, political, and psychiatric implications. Clearly, prior to DSM-I the lack of a generally accepted terminology did little to augment the disabling effects that psychological traumatization could engender. Nor did the subsequent provision of an official diagnostic label alone render substantial ameliorative qualities. Nevertheless, the post Vietnam DSM-III recognition of PTSD did herald a dramatic increase in research and clinical discovery. The American Red Cross acknowledged the need to establish disaster mental health services, the American Psychological Association urged its members to form disaster mental health networks, and the Veterans Administration established a national study center for PTSD.
The stress that comes with being a first responder has been known to lead to depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and suicide. However, few clinicians are informed about these health concerns and how to adequately treat them in this population. Therefore, there is an urgent need for practitioners to understand the latest information regarding treatments that will be useful to this specific population. Mental Health Intervention and Treatment of First Responders and Emergency Workers is an essential reference source that focuses on the latest research for diagnosing and treating mental health issues experienced by emergency personnel and seeks to generate awareness and inform clinicians about the unique circumstances encountered by these professionals. While highlighting topics including anxiety disorders and stress management, this book is ideally designed for clinicians, therapists, psychologists, psychiatrists, practitioners, medical professionals, EMTs, law enforcement, fire departments, military, academicians, researchers, policymakers, and students seeking current research on psychological therapy methods regarding first responders.
Practical Human Factors for Pilots bridges the divide between human factors research and one of the key industries that this research is meant to benefit—civil aviation. Human factors are now recognized as being at the core of aviation safety and the training syllabus that flight crew trainees have to follow reflects that. This book will help student pilots pass exams in human performance and limitations, successfully undergo multi-crew cooperation training and crew resource management (CRM) training, and prepare them for assessment in non-technical skills during operator and license proficiency checks in the simulator, and during line checks when operating flights. Each chapter begins with an explanation of the relevant science behind that particular subject, along with mini-case studies that demonstrate its relevance to commercial flight operations. Of particular focus are practical tools and techniques that students can learn in order to improve their performance as well as "training tips" for the instructor. - Provides practical, evidence-based guidance on issues often at the root of aircraft accidents - Uses international regulatory material - Includes concepts and theories that have practical relevance to flight operations - Covers relevant topics in a step-by-step manner, describing how they apply to flight operations - Demonstrates how human decision-making has been implicated in air accidents and equips the reader with tools to mitigate these risks - Gives instructors a reliable knowledge base on which to design and deliver effective training - Summarizes the current state of human factors, training, and assessment
This book seeks to extend the boundaries of aviation psychology in two interrelated ways: by broadening the focus of aviation psychology beyond the flight deck to the whole aviation system; and by discussing new theoretical developments which are shaping this applied discipline. A key feature of these theoretical advances is that they are grounded in a more developed, ecologically valid, understanding of practice. Among the issues addressed in this new integration of theory and practice are the following: what goes on in the flight deck is dependent on the wider organisational context; human factors issues in aircraft maintenance and grounding are critical to aviation safety; our capacity to learn from aviation accidents and incidents needs to be supported by more systematic human factors investigation and research; we must also develop our understanding of the human factors of accident survival as well as accident prevention; theories of crew coordination and decision making must be supported by an analysis of how decisions are actually made in the real world with all its stresses and constraints; training should be grounded in a thoroughgoing analysis of the complexity of the job and a full understanding of the training process itself. The text will be of interest to human factors researchers and practitioners in aviation and related areas. It will be of particular relevance to those who have a role in training, management or regulation throughout the aviation system.
“The pilots were attempting to return to Honolulu but with the failure of both engines on the right wing of the UAL 747, combined with massive structural damage, there was a very real possibility that they would be required to ditch. The thought of ditching into the ocean in the dark of night is daunting. The flight attendants could have secured themselves in their jump seats but instead stood in the aisles to prepare their passengers. The roar of the air rushing by at a speed of 190 to 200 knots was deafening in the cabin. The flight attendants could only “mime” the instructions for passengers to look at their Safety Cards and to demonstrate the donning of life vests.” “The Aloha 737 was severely damaged, literally now a convertible and was in emergency descent with speeds of 280 to 290 knots. The roar of the wind was deafening. The forward flight attendant had been sucked out of the cabin as it ruptured. The aft flight attendant was seriously injured. The mid flight attendant, suffering minor injuries and being the only one able, rather than securing herself in her jump seat, she crawled up and down the aisle calming her passengers and assisting the injured.” Flight Attendants Lost offers a fascinating look into what went on inside the airplane from actual aircraft accident and incident case studies spanning decades and countries. The book covers the intense training, the ongoing vigilance, the behind the scenes team work and the committed actions of flight attendants in emergency situations. It uncovers the complexities of aircraft safety design and makes sense of the reasons behind safety rules and regulations making this book an educational must read for air travellers. Flight Attendants Lost is not only an eye-opener but is a reassuring read that will make you look at flying differently. It is also a beautifully written memorial tribute to the hundreds of flight attendants who, over the years, have given their lives In the Line of Duty.
This is a practical guide that will help others incorporate facilitation in their tracing programs and in the analysis of operational incidents. It is based on the extensive field studies conducted by the editors and their invited contributors. The intended readership includes managers and instructors in airline training departments, flight training organizations, flight schools and researchers in flight training.