Computational Models of Discourse
Computational Models of Discourse

Author: Michael Brady

Publisher: Mit Press

Published: 1983-02-01

Total Pages: 404

ISBN-13: 9780262523912

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As the contributions to this book make clear, a fundamental change is taking place inthe study of computational linguistics analogous to that which has taken place in the study ofcomputer vision over the past few years and indicative of trends that are likely to affect futurework in artificial intelligence generally.The first wave of efforts on machine translation and theformal mathematical study of parsing yielded little real insight into how natural language could beunderstood by computers or how computers could lead to an understanding of natural language. Thecurrent wave of research seeks both to include a wider and more realistic range of features found inhuman languages and to limit the dimensions of program goals. Some of the new programs embody forthe first time constraints on human parsing which Chomsky has uncovered, for example. The isolationof constraints and the representations for their expression, rather than the design of mechanismsand ideas about process organization, is central to the work reported in this volume. And if presentgoals are somewhat less ambitious, they are also more realistic and more realizable. Contents:Computational Aspects of Discourse, Robert Berwick; Recognizing Intentions from Natural LanguageUtterances, James Allen; Cooperative Responses from a Portable Natural Language Data Base QuerySystem, Jerrold Kaplan; Natural Language Generation as a Computational Problem: An Introduction,David McDonald; Focusing in the Comprehension of Definite Anaphor, Candace Sidner; So What Can WeTalk About Now? Bonnie Webber. A Preface by David Israel relates these chapters to the generalconsiderations of philosophers and psycholinguists.Michael Brady is Senior Research Scientist at theMIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. The book is included in the MIT Press ArtificialIntelligence Series.

Computational Cognitive Modeling and Linguistic Theory
Computational Cognitive Modeling and Linguistic Theory

Author: Adrian Brasoveanu

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-01-01

Total Pages: 299

ISBN-13: 303031846X

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This open access book introduces a general framework that allows natural language researchers to enhance existing competence theories with fully specified performance and processing components. Gradually developing increasingly complex and cognitively realistic competence-performance models, it provides running code for these models and shows how to fit them to real-time experimental data. This computational cognitive modeling approach opens up exciting new directions for research in formal semantics, and linguistics more generally, and offers new ways of (re)connecting semantics and the broader field of cognitive science. The approach of this book is novel in more ways than one. Assuming the mental architecture and procedural modalities of Anderson's ACT-R framework, it presents fine-grained computational models of human language processing tasks which make detailed quantitative predictions that can be checked against the results of self-paced reading and other psycho-linguistic experiments. All models are presented as computer programs that readers can run on their own computer and on inputs of their choice, thereby learning to design, program and run their own models. But even for readers who won't do all that, the book will show how such detailed, quantitatively predicting modeling of linguistic processes is possible. A methodological breakthrough and a must for anyone concerned about the future of linguistics! (Hans Kamp) This book constitutes a major step forward in linguistics and psycholinguistics. It constitutes a unique synthesis of several different research traditions: computational models of psycholinguistic processes, and formal models of semantics and discourse processing. The work also introduces a sophisticated python-based software environment for modeling linguistic processes. This book has the potential to revolutionize not only formal models of linguistics, but also models of language processing more generally. (Shravan Vasishth) .

Computational Models of Reading
Computational Models of Reading

Author: Erik D. Reichle

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 609

ISBN-13: 019537066X

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"This book describes computational models of reading, or models that simulate and explain the mental processes that support the reading of text. The book provides introductory chapters on both reading research and computer models. The central chapters of the book then review what has been learned about reading from empirical research on four core reading processes: word identification, sentence processing, discourse representation, and how these three processes are coordinated with visual processing, attention, and eye-movement control. These central chapters also review an influential sample of computer models that have been developed to explain these key empirical findings, as well as comparative analyses of those models. The final chapter attempts to integrate this empirical and theoretical work be both describing a new comprehensive model of reading, Über-Reader, and reporting several simulations to illustrate how the model accounts for many of the basic phenomena related to reading"--

Computational Models of Speech Pattern Processing
Computational Models of Speech Pattern Processing

Author: Keith Ponting

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 478

ISBN-13: 3642600875

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Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Computational Models of Speech Pattern Processing, held in St. Helier, Jersey, UK, July 7-18, 1997

Analyzing Discourse and Text Complexity for Learning and Collaborating
Analyzing Discourse and Text Complexity for Learning and Collaborating

Author: Mihai Dascălu

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2013-11-26

Total Pages: 283

ISBN-13: 3319034197

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With the advent and increasing popularity of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) and e-learning technologies, the need of automatic assessment and of teacher/tutor support for the two tightly intertwined activities of comprehension of reading materials and of collaboration among peers has grown significantly. In this context, a polyphonic model of discourse derived from Bakhtin’s work as a paradigm is used for analyzing both general texts and CSCL conversations in a unique framework focused on different facets of textual cohesion. As specificity of our analysis, the individual learning perspective is focused on the identification of reading strategies and on providing a multi-dimensional textual complexity model, whereas the collaborative learning dimension is centered on the evaluation of participants’ involvement, as well as on collaboration assessment. Our approach based on advanced Natural Language Processing techniques provides a qualitative estimation of the learning process and enhances understanding as a “mediator of learning” by providing automated feedback to both learners and teachers or tutors. The main benefits are its flexibility, extensibility and nevertheless specificity for covering multiple stages, starting from reading classroom materials, to discussing on specific topics in a collaborative manner and finishing the feedback loop by verbalizing metacognitive thoughts.

Computational Modeling of Cognition and Behavior
Computational Modeling of Cognition and Behavior

Author: Simon Farrell

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2018-02-22

Total Pages: 485

ISBN-13: 110710999X

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This book presents an integrated framework for developing and testing computational models in psychology and related disciplines. Researchers and students are given the knowledge and tools to interpret models published in their area, as well as to develop, fit, and test their own models.

Computational Models of American Speech
Computational Models of American Speech

Author: M. Margaret Withgott

Publisher: Center for the Study of Language (CSLI)

Published: 1993

Total Pages: 168

ISBN-13: 9780937073988

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A new perspective on phonetic variation is achieved in this volume through the construction of a series of models of spoken American English. In the past, computer theorists and programmers investigating pronunciation have often relied on their own knowledge of the language or on limited transcription data. Speech recognition researchers, on the other hand, have drawn on a great deal of data but without examining in detail the information about pronunciation the data contains. The authors combine the best of each approach to develop probabilistic and rule-based computational models of transcription data. An ongoing controversy in studies of phonetic variation is the existence and proper definition of a phonetic unit. The authors argue that assumptions about the units of spoken language are critical to a computational model. Their computational models employ suprasegmental elements such as syllable boundaries, stress, and position in a unit called a metrical foot. The use of such elements in modeling data enables the creation of better computational models for both recognition and synthesis technology. This book should be of interest to speech engineers, linguists, and anyone who wishes to understand symbolic systems of communication.

Discourse Analysis
Discourse Analysis

Author: Gillian Brown

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1983-07-28

Total Pages: 306

ISBN-13: 9780521284752

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An exploration of how any language produced by man, spoken or written, is used to communicate for a purpose and within a context.

The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Processes
The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Processes

Author: Michael F. Schober

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-11-22

Total Pages: 923

ISBN-13: 1317417976

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The second edition of The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Processes provides a state-of-the-art overview of the field of discourse processes, highlighting the subject’s interdisciplinary foundations and bringing together established and emergent scholars to provide a dynamic roadmap of the evolution of the field. This new edition reflects several of the enormous changes in the world since the publication of the first edition—changes in modes of communication and an increased urgency to understand how people comprehend and trust information. The contents of this volume attempt to address fundamental questions about what we should now be thinking about reading, listening, talking, and writing. The chapters collected here represent a wide range of empirical methods currently available: lab or field experiments, with a range of measures, from quantitative to qualitative; observational studies, including classrooms or organizational communication; corpus analyses; conversation analysis; computational modeling; and linguistic analyses. The chapters also draw attention to the explosion of contextually rich and computationally intensive data analysis tools which have changed the research landscape, along with more contemporary measures of people’s discourse use, from eye-tracking to video analysis tools to brain scans. The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Processes, Second edition is the ideal resource for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in a variety of disciplines, including discourse analysis, conversation analysis, cognitive psychology, and cognitive science.