The SME Policy Index is a benchmarking tool for emerging economies to monitor and evaluate progress in policies that support small and medium-sized enterprises.
This volume represents the first tangible results of transnational cooperative research between and among ASEAN and Japanese scholars. The ASEAN Overview covers Industrial and Related Trends in both Japan and ASEAN; ASEAN-Japan Economic Relations; and Policy Issues and Porposed Policy Studies. The Japan Overview covers both Economic Issues and Non-Econoimic Issues in Japan-ASEAN Industrial Cooperation.
Small- and Medium-Scale Industries in the ASEAN Countries is a comparative study of SMIs in the five member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), analyzing the performance of SMIs to generate income and employment.
The Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor provides data and analysis as a resource for evidence-based policy design. This year's edition focuses on South Asia. This first volume reviews micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) at the country and regional levels. It covers Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, and examines MSME development, access to finance, and policies and regulations. It notes that revitalizing MSMEs by channeling more growth capital to them will be key to a resilient economic recovery from the pandemic. It highlights opportunities in formalizing MSMEs and connecting them to international markets, expanding digital skills, fostering technology-based start-ups, and supporting youth and women entrepreneurs.
The identification of small and medium businesses (SMBs) as a target for development policy is a comparatively recent phenomenon. It is clearly linked to the realization in developing countries that large capital-intensive industries which formed the basis of earlier development policies had failed to provide the hoped-for engine of growth. Only in the 1970s, as planners realized the mismatch between Western large-scale technology and local factor endowments, and as urban unemployment became an increasingly pressing problem, did attention turn to smaller scale and more labour intensive enterprises to provide possible solutions.
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is strategically significant because of its size, dynamism, and role in the Asian economic and security architectures. This paper examines how ASEAN seeks to strengthen these assets through "centrality" in intraregional and external policy decisions. It recommends a two-speed approach toward centrality in order to maximize regional incomes and benefit all member economies: first, selective engagement by ASEAN members in productive external partnerships and, second, vigorous policies to share gains across the region. This strategy has solid underpinnings in the Kemp-Wan theorem on trade agreements. It would warrant, for example, a Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement with incomplete ASEAN membership, complemented with policies to extend gains across the region. The United States could support this framework by pursuing deep relations with some ASEAN members, while broadly assisting the region's development.
Significant changes have taken place in the major areas of ASEAN economic co-operation. In trade, AFTA has replaced PTA; in industry, AICO replaces AIC and AIJV; while in agriculture an enhanced Food Security Reserve Scheme is being developed. At the same time, new areas of economic co-operation, notably in services and intellectual property, have been mandated. This book will enable the reader to monitor ASEAN's development with better insight and clearer understanding. It will also give policy-makers a clearer perspective of the issues relating to regional economic co-operation and help chart future directions.