Clusters as an instrument to bridge institutional voids in transition economies
Clusters as an instrument to bridge institutional voids in transition economies

Author: Tine Schrammel

Publisher: Springer Science & Business

Published: 2014-04-24

Total Pages: 283

ISBN-13: 3658057254

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Transition economies, such as the countries in Southeast Europe, face an expeditious institutional transition from a centrally planned to a market economy. The state withdraws from its monitoring function, which results in institutional voids that affect the economy in general and small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in specific. With a qualitative case study approach Tine Schrammel develops a scheme to detect institutional voids as one source of competitive disadvantages of SMEs in transition economies. In a second step she demonstrates that specific cluster services bridge institutional voids and improve the competitive position of SMEs in environments of institutional voids. The findings add to the understanding of institutional voids and to the role of clusters in transition economies.

The Globalization of Regional Clusters
The Globalization of Regional Clusters

Author: Dirk Fornahl

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2021-04-30

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13: 1839102489

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Addressing the role of regional clusters in the context of ongoing globalization, this timely book investigates the two seemingly competing trends of globalization and localization from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. International case studies offer pioneering insights into the internationalization process of regional clusters and the effect of this on regional as well as firm performance.

Disadvantaged Minorities in Business
Disadvantaged Minorities in Business

Author: Léo-Paul Dana

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-06-22

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13: 3030970795

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This book features contributions by international scholars who have worked to establish a theory- and empirics-based discussion on disadvantaged minorities and long-term economic development. Depending on their socio-demographic characteristics, minorities have long lived under the shadow of the groups, categories, or communities they presumably belong to. Despite the obstacles they have to face, they manage to demonstrate that, above all, they are entrepreneurs capable to start, run, and successfully complete their venture. Their motivations are often assimilated by the research community into “necessity entrepreneurship.” In addition to the external barriers they face, they have to overcome endogenous cognitive factors that hinder their entrepreneurial intention: anxiety before the future, the anguish of death, generativity, health condition as perceived by others, subjective age, and the cultural gap as viewed by natives, among others. The book integrates a diversity of challenges and disadvantages faced by entrepreneurs, allowing the reader to have a renewed understanding of entrepreneurial behavior. On the theoretical level, the chapters emphasize the need for integrating entrepreneurship theory with multidisciplinary approaches, such as the Theory of Cumulative Disadvantage/Advantage (CDA), cultural and geographical theories, and psychological theories. On the practical level, this book would raise the awareness of policy makers, mainly governmental and nongovernmental organizations concerning the disadvantages, and helping them adjust their actions either for local or international programs. Chapter "Intersectionality and Minority Entrepreneurship: At the Crossroad of Vulnerability and Power" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Big Data, Databases and "Ownership" Rights in the Cloud
Big Data, Databases and

Author: Marcelo Corrales Compagnucci

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2019-11-02

Total Pages: 324

ISBN-13: 9811503494

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Two of the most important developments of this new century are the emergence of cloud computing and big data. However, the uncertainties surrounding the failure of cloud service providers to clearly assert ownership rights over data and databases during cloud computing transactions and big data services have been perceived as imposing legal risks and transaction costs. This lack of clear ownership rights is also seen as slowing down the capacity of the Internet market to thrive. Click-through agreements drafted on a take-it-or-leave-it basis govern the current state of the art, and they do not allow much room for negotiation. The novel contribution of this book proffers a new contractual model advocating the extension of the negotiation capabilities of cloud customers, thus enabling an automated and machine-readable framework, orchestrated by a cloud broker. Cloud computing and big data are constantly evolving and transforming into new paradigms where cloud brokers are predicted to play a vital role as innovation intermediaries adding extra value to the entire life cycle. This evolution will alleviate the legal uncertainties in society by means of embedding legal requirements in the user interface and related computer systems or its code. This book situates the theories of law and economics and behavioral law and economics in the context of cloud computing and takes database rights and ownership rights of data as prime examples to represent the problem of collecting, outsourcing, and sharing data and databases on a global scale. It does this by highlighting the legal constraints concerning ownership rights of data and databases and proposes finding a solution outside the boundaries and limitations of the law. By allowing cloud brokers to establish themselves in the market as entities coordinating and actively engaging in the negotiation of service-level agreements (SLAs), individual customers as well as small and medium-sized enterprises could efficiently and effortlessly choose a cloud provider that best suits their needs. This approach, which the author calls “plan-like architectures,” endeavors to create a more trustworthy cloud computing environment and to yield radical new results for the development of the cloud computing and big data markets.

Transforming Asian Economy and Business Administration
Transforming Asian Economy and Business Administration

Author: Katsuhiko Hirasawa

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2022-05-19

Total Pages: 251

ISBN-13: 3756213390

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Are there any countries now days that do not use products and parts made in Asia? In this sense Asia is a production base that supports the world economy. The entry of multinational corporations into Asian countries has been carried out from early on. But, it was the collapse of the socialist planned economy that clinched the expansion of MNEs into Asia. The collapse of the socialist planned economy was accompanied by the introduction of the market economy in the countries with the socialist planned economy. The ideology of neo-liberalism, with emphasis on the market economy, became the principle for the reconstruction of these countries. Against the backdrop of this global standard, the activities of MNEs in Asian countries have advanced. Accompanying this, the construction of an economic structure based on the MNEs has progressed there. This is the emergence of so-called Asian capitalism. However, the spread of COVID-19 and its countermeasures appear to be transforming this global order. As is well known, the spread of COVID-19 and its countermeasures are suppressing international human exchanges and logistics advanced by globalization and promoting the restructuring of local economies. In this context, the way of business activities in Asian countries probably defines the future world order. Based on this awareness of the issues, this book deals with various problems of the economy and business management, especially human resources, in Asian countries.

Base of the Pyramid Markets in Latin America
Base of the Pyramid Markets in Latin America

Author: Ximena Rueda Fajardo

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2021-08-18

Total Pages: 96

ISBN-13: 0429754175

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This book focuses on the Base of the Pyramid (BOP) in Latin America and examines the role of the markets in serving low-income populations as consumers, distributors, and entrepreneurs. Deep inequalities, violence, and urbanisation characterise the region. Despite the reduction of poverty observed during the first two decades of the 21st century, Latin America is the most unequal region in the world. Outside active war zones, the region has the highest homicide rate in the world and violence and inequality are both deeply intertwined. Markets have a crucial role to play in closing this gap and offering job and income opportunities, especially to unemployed youth, paving the way for safer, more peaceful, and sustainable development. The book also offers a theoretical reflection on the role that community enterprises who manage common-pool resources can play in serving markets and creating income opportunities for the rural poor. The book is recommended for managers, policy makers, students, and scholars interested in Base of the Pyramid markets and their potential to lift people out of poverty and to promote a more equal society.

Clusters and Regional Development
Clusters and Regional Development

Author: Bjorn Asheim

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2006-09-27

Total Pages: 371

ISBN-13: 1134273592

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Using international examples, leading scholars present the first critical analysis of cluster theory, assessing the cluster notion and drawing out, not only its undoubted strengths and attractions, but also its weaknesses and limitations. Over the past decade the ‘cluster model’ has been seized on as a tool for promoting competitiveness, innovation and growth on local, regional and national scales. However, despite its popularity there is much about it that is problematic, and in some respects the rush to employ ‘cluster ideas’ has run ahead of many fundamental conceptual, theoretical and empirical questions. Addressing key questions on the nature, use and effectiveness of cluster models, Clusters and Regional Development provides the missing thorough theoretical and empirical evaluation.

Winning in Emerging Markets
Winning in Emerging Markets

Author: Tarun Khanna

Publisher: Harvard Business Press

Published: 2010-04-28

Total Pages: 261

ISBN-13: 1422157865

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The best way to select emerging markets to exploit is to evaluate their size or growth potential, right? Not according to Krishna Palepu and Tarun Khanna. In Winning in Emerging Markets, these leading scholars on the subject present a decidedly different framework for making this crucial choice. The authors argue that the primary exploitable characteristic of emerging markets is the lack of institutions (credit-card systems, intellectual-property adjudication, data research firms) that facilitate efficient business operations. While such "institutional voids" present challenges, they also provide major opportunities-for multinationals and local contenders. Palepu and Khanna provide a playbook for assessing emerging markets' potential and for crafting strategies for succeeding in those markets. They explain how to: · Spot institutional voids in developing economies, including in product, labor, and capital markets, as well as social and political systems · Identify opportunities to fill those voids; for example, by building or improving market institutions yourself · Exploit those opportunities through a rigorous five-phase process, including studying the market over time and acquiring new capabilities Packed with vivid examples and practical toolkits, Winning in Emerging Markets is a crucial resource for any company seeking to define and execute business strategy in developing economies.