Clathrate Hydrates, 2 Volumes
Clathrate Hydrates, 2 Volumes

Author: John A. Ripmeester

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2022-05-31

Total Pages: 835

ISBN-13: 3527339841

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Clathrate Hydrates All-inclusive reference on clathrate hydrates from a molecular perspective Clathrate hydrates are crystalline water-based inclusion compounds many of which form at high pressures and low temperatures. Molecular science has provided the foundation for many areas of modern hydrate research and applications ranging from desalination processes to flow assurance in oil and gas pipelines. Clathrate Hydrates provides detailed information on the molecular science aspects of hydrate research, covering the structural, compositional, spectroscopic, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties of clathrate hydrates as well as simulation methods and selected engineering applications. Edited and authored by recognized leaders in the field, this comprehensive resource introduces readers to clathrate hydrates and reviews the state-of-the-art of the field. In-depth chapters address different areas of specialization such as characterization of clathrate hydrates using NMR spectroscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray and neutron diffraction and scattering. Highlights recent developments in clathrate hydrate research and applications such as natural gas recovery, desalination, and gas separation Reviews various molecular simulation methods for characterizing clathrate hydrates, including quantum mechanical calculations and Monte Carlo results Contains tables of known guest molecules, summaries of structural and physical properties, and different classes of clathrate hydrate phase equilibria Introduces unconventional guest-host interactions, related non-hydrate clathrates, and space-filling cages using the Frank-Kasper approach Covers the molecular motion of guest and host molecules and the relationship between cage geometry and guest dynamics Presents the rate and mechanisms of hydrate formation and decomposition from both macroscopic and microscopic points Clathrate Hydrates: Molecular Science and Characterization is an indispensable reference for materials scientists, physical chemists, chemical engineers, geochemists, and graduate students in relevant areas of science and engineering.

Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases
Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases

Author: E. Dendy Sloan Jr.

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2007-09-07

Total Pages: 752

ISBN-13: 1420008498

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Hydrate research has expanded substantially over the past decade, resulting in more than 4,000 hydrate-related publications. Collating this vast amount of information into one source, Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases, Third Edition presents a thoroughly updated, authoritative, and comprehensive description of all major aspects of natural gas cla

Gas Hydrates 2
Gas Hydrates 2

Author: Livio Ruffine

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2018-04-16

Total Pages: 387

ISBN-13: 1119522412

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Gas hydrates in their natural environment and for potential industrial applications (Volume 2).

Gas Hydrates 1
Gas Hydrates 1

Author: Daniel Broseta

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2017-06-29

Total Pages: 279

ISBN-13: 1119427436

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Gas hydrates, or clathrate hydrates, are crystalline solids resembling ice, in which small (guest) molecules, typically gases, are trapped inside cavities formed by hydrogen-bonded water (host) molecules. They form and remain stable under low temperatures – often well below ambient conditions – and high pressures ranging from a few bar to hundreds of bar, depending on the guest molecule. Their presence is ubiquitous on Earth, in deep-marine sediments and in permafrost regions, as well as in outer space, on planets or comets. In addition to water, they can be synthesized with organic species as host molecules, resulting in milder stability conditions: these are referred to as semi-clathrate hydrates. Clathrate and semi-clathrate hydrates are being considered for applications as diverse as gas storage and separation, cold storage and transport and water treatment. This book is the first of two edited volumes, with chapters on the experimental and modeling tools used for characterizing and predicting the unique molecular, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of gas hydrates (Volume 1) and on gas hydrates in their natural environment and for potential industrial applications (Volume 2).

Encyclopedia of Supramolecular Chemistry - Two-Volume Set (Print)
Encyclopedia of Supramolecular Chemistry - Two-Volume Set (Print)

Author: Jerry L. Atwood

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2013-10-09

Total Pages: 1745

ISBN-13: 1482258161

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The two-volume Encyclopedia of Supramolecular Chemistry offers authoritative, centralized information on a rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field. User-friendly and high-quality articles parse the latest supramolecular advancements and methods in the areas of chemistry, biochemistry, biology, environmental and materials science and engineering, physics, computer science, and applied mathematics. Designed for specialists and students alike, the set covers the fundamentals of supramolecular chemistry and sets the standard for relevant future research.

Water in Crystalline Hydrates Aqueous Solutions of Simple Nonelectrolytes
Water in Crystalline Hydrates Aqueous Solutions of Simple Nonelectrolytes

Author: Felix Franks

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-18

Total Pages: 697

ISBN-13: 147576958X

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vi the information collected and discussed in this volume may help toward the achievement of such an objective. I should like to express my debt of gratitude to the authors who have contributed to this volume. Editing a work of this nature can strain long established personal relationships and I thank my various colleagues for bearing with me and responding (sooner or later) to one or several letters or telephone calls. My special thanks once again go to Mrs. Joyce Johnson, who bore the main brunt of this seemingly endless correspondence and without whose help the editorial and referencing work would have taken several years. F. FRANKS Biophysics Division Unilever Research Laboratory Colworth/ Welwyn Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford January, 1973 Contents Contents of Volume 1 ............................. . . . . . .. . . .. xv Contents of Volume 3 ........................ '. . . . . . . . . . . . xvi . . . . Contents of Volume 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . xvii . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 1 The Solvent Properties of Water F. Franks 1. Water, the Universal Solvent-the Study of Aqueous Solutions 2. Aqueous Solutions of Nonelectrolytes ................. . 5 2.1. Apolar Solutes ................................. . 6 2.2. Polar Solutes .................................. . 19 2.3. Ionic Solutes Containing Alkyl Residues-"Apolar Electrolytes" ................................... . 38 3. Aqueous Solutions of Electrolytes .................... . 42 3.1. Single Ion Properties ............................ . 42 3.2. Ion-Water Interactions ......................... . 43 3.3. Interionic Effects ............................... . 47 4. Complex Aqueous Mixtures 48 Chapter 2 Water in Stoichiometric Hydrates M. Falk and O. Knop 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Symmetry and Types of Environment of the H0 Molecule 2 in Crystals .......................................... 57 vii Contents viii 2.1. Site Symmetry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 . . . . . . . . . .

Kinetics and Dynamics Studies of Clathrate Hydrates
Kinetics and Dynamics Studies of Clathrate Hydrates

Author: Jin Guo

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 110

ISBN-13: 9781369670233

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Clathrate hydrates are a class of compounds in which small guest molecules, such as methane, ethane, tetrahydrofuran, etc. are encapsulated within a hydrogen-bonded host water cages. In the oil industry, vast deposits of methane hydrates in deep ocean and permafrost have received great interest as a potential energy source. However, methane hydrate formation can potentially block the transmission pipelines in deep see drilling which may lead to catastrophic economic losses from the flow assurance failures. Therefore, understanding the fundamental mechanisms of gas hydrates formation, decomposition and inhibition is the key for their safe and economical use as a potential energy source and natural gas storage. The effect of low concentrations of methanol on the clathrate hydrate formation kinetics were studied in this thesis. The catalytic effects from methanol were observed on propane hydrate formation but inhibitory effects were found in fluoromethane hydrate formation. We postulate that the catalytic activity of methanol is dependent on the nature of the guest gas itself. Moreover, one of the fascinating properties of the clathrate hydrate structure is that the water molecules of host lattice completely satisfy the hydrogen-bonding requirement, so the interactions between the guests and host cages are mainly due to van der Waals forces rather than hydrogen bondings. Within the cages, the trapped guest molecules have limited translational mobility but may retain rotational and vibrational freedom. From the standpoint of physical chemistry, the dynamics of the guest and host molecules is an excellent material to study and the motion of the guest molecules within the cages is not well understood. In this thesis, the dynamics of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and cyclopentane (CP) guests in the hydrate cages above 200 K were investigated by magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR. The barrier to guest motion of CP is much lower than THF indicating the existence of hydrogen bonding interactions between THF guest and cage water molecules above 200 K.