Characterization of the Swine Gut Microbiome Dynamics, Culturomics and Probiotics
Characterization of the Swine Gut Microbiome Dynamics, Culturomics and Probiotics

Author: Xiaofan Wang

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 310

ISBN-13:

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The gastrointestinal tract is a critical place where the immune system concentrates many of its protective functions. It exerts both physical and biochemical defenses against invading foodborne pathogens and other hazards. In pigs, the gut microbiota community assembled postnatal plays a very important role in the development of multiple physiologic aspects, such as development of the gastrointestinal tract, nutrient exchange, immune defense against foreign pathogens and growth performance. Microbiome-host communication changes with age. Despite recent advances in understanding the swine gut microbiome at different growth stages, a comprehensive longitudinal study of the lifelong dynamics of the swine gut microbiome is lacking. Besides, in the current market swine-specific probiotic options are very limited due to the shortage of swine cultivable strains. This is also due to the missing knowledge of practical cultureomic methods in swine research. Large scale probiotic screening can be performed using cell models to reduce cost and increase consistency. Establishing a stable, rapid and dependable model that can facilitate probiotic screening and practical investigations. In this dissertation, we characterized the longitudinal swine gut microbiome from a total of 18 pigs and determined that gut microbiome structures change with age (Chapter III). A validation trial also confirmed the stage-related microbiome composition and disclosed the difficulty of colonizing the gut of young piglets with an adult pig microbiome. We examined how the gut microbiome amassed and changed with age, how growth stage and diet composition affected the microbiome community, and how this ultimately affects animal health and growth performance. Next, through swine gut microbiome cultureomic techniques (Chapter IV), we established a basic understanding of the number of culturable swine gut bacteria there are through the use of 53 culturing methods applied to fecal samples from each growth stage. Also, we investigated which of these methods is most efficient for the cultivation of certain bacterial species of interest. Finally, an in vitro model was established using IPEC-J2 cells (Chapter V) to screen for useful probiotics and to study their beneficial biological functions. Overall, this dissertation provides valuable insights into swine microbiome research that can lead to meaningful industrial applications.

Handbook of Media for Environmental Microbiology
Handbook of Media for Environmental Microbiology

Author: Ronald M. Atlas

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2005-03-29

Total Pages: 672

ISBN-13: 142003748X

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The second edition of a bestseller, this book provides a comprehensive reference for the cultivation of bacteria, Archaea, and fungi from diverse environments, including extreme habitats. Expanded to include 2,000 media formulations, this book compiles the descriptions of media of relevance for the cultivation of microorganisms from soil, water, an

The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health
The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health

Author: Food Forum

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2013-02-27

Total Pages: 197

ISBN-13: 030926586X

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The Food Forum convened a public workshop on February 22-23, 2012, to explore current and emerging knowledge of the human microbiome, its role in human health, its interaction with the diet, and the translation of new research findings into tools and products that improve the nutritional quality of the food supply. The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health: Workshop Summary summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. Over the two day workshop, several themes covered included: The microbiome is integral to human physiology, health, and disease. The microbiome is arguably the most intimate connection that humans have with their external environment, mostly through diet. Given the emerging nature of research on the microbiome, some important methodology issues might still have to be resolved with respect to undersampling and a lack of causal and mechanistic studies. Dietary interventions intended to have an impact on host biology via their impact on the microbiome are being developed, and the market for these products is seeing tremendous success. However, the current regulatory framework poses challenges to industry interest and investment.

Probiotics and Prebiotics in Animal Health and Food Safety
Probiotics and Prebiotics in Animal Health and Food Safety

Author: Diana Di Gioia

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-02-27

Total Pages: 275

ISBN-13: 3319719505

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This book discusses the role of probiotics and prebiotics in maintaining the health status of a broad range of animal groups used for food production. It also highlights the use of beneficial microorganisms as protective agents in animal derived foods. The book provides essential information on the characterization and definition of probiotics on the basis of recently released guidelines and reflecting the latest trends in bacterial taxonomy. Last but not least, it discusses the concept of “dead” probiotics and their benefits to animal health in detail. The book will benefit all professors, students, researchers and practitioners in academia and industry whose work involves biotechnology, veterinary sciences or food production.

Probiotics and Prebiotics
Probiotics and Prebiotics

Author: Koen Venema

Publisher: Caister Academic Press Limited

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781910190098

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Composed of nearly a thousand different types of microorganisms - some beneficial, others not - the human gut microbiota plays an important role in health and disease. This is due to the presence of probiotic or beneficial microbes, or due to the feeding of prebiotics that stimulate the endogenous beneficial microbes (these promote health by stimulating the immune system, improving the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and inhibiting the growth of pathogens). The notable health benefits of probiotic organisms have prompted much commercial interest, which in turn has led to a plethora of research initiatives in this area. These range from studies to elucidate the efficacy of the various health benefits to analyses of the diet-microbe interaction as a means of modulating the gut microbiota composition. Research in this area is at a very exciting stage. With state-of-the-art commentaries on all aspects of probiotics and prebiotics research, this book provides an authoritative and timely overview of the field. Written by leading international researchers, each chapter affords critical insight to a particular topic, reviews current research, discusses future direction, and stimulates discussion. Topics range from the different microorganisms used as probiotics (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, yeast, etc.), and the techniques and approaches used (metagenomics, etc.), to the reviews of the clinical and medical aspects. The provision of extensive reference sections positively encourages readers to pursue each subject in greater detail. *** Librarians: ebook available on ProQuest and EBSCO [Subject: Microbiology, Life Science]

The Handbook of Metabolic Phenotyping
The Handbook of Metabolic Phenotyping

Author: John C. Lindon

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2018-10-04

Total Pages: 622

ISBN-13: 0128122943

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The Handbook of Metabolic Phenotyping is the definitive work on the rapidly developing subject of metabolic phenotyping. It explores in detail the wide array of analytical chemistry and statistical modeling techniques used in the field, coupled with surveys of the various application areas in human development, nutrition, disease, therapy, and epidemiology to create a comprehensive exploration of the area of study. It covers recent studies that integrate the various -omics data sets to derive a systems biology view. It also addresses current issues on standardization, assay and statistics validation, and data storage and sharing. Written by experts with many years of practice in the field who pioneered many of the approaches widely used today, The Handbook of Metabolic Phenotyping is a valuable resource for postgrads and research scientists studying and furthering the field of metabolomics. Contains theoretical and practical explanations of all the main analytical chemistry techniques used in metabolic phenotyping Explores, in detail, the many diverse statistical approaches used in the field Offers practical tips for successfully conducting metabolic phenotyping studies Features reviews of all of the various fields of activity relating to human studies

Eukaryome Impact on Human Intestine Homeostasis and Mucosal Immunology
Eukaryome Impact on Human Intestine Homeostasis and Mucosal Immunology

Author: Nancy Guillen

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-06-01

Total Pages: 368

ISBN-13: 3030448266

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Multiple demographic or economic parameters contribute to the origin of emerging infections, for example: poverty, urbanization, climate change, conflicts and population migrations. All these factors are a challenge to assess the impact (present and future) of parasitic diseases on public health. The intestine is a major target of these infections; it is a nutrient-rich environment harbouring a complex and dynamic population of 100 trillion microbes: the microbiome. Most researches on the microbiome focus on bacteria, which share the gut ecosystem with a population of uni- and multi cellular eukaryotic organisms that may prey on them. Our interest focuses on the families of eukaryotic microbes inhabiting the intestine, called “intestinal eukaryome”, that include fungi, protists and helminths. Knowledge on the reciprocal influence between the microbiome and the eukaryome, and on their combined impact on homeostasis and intestinal diseases is scanty and can be considered as an important emerging field. Furthermore, the factors that differentiate pathogenic eukaryotes from commensals are still unknown. This book presents an overview of the science presented and discussed in the First Eukaryome Congress held from October 16th to 18th, 2019 at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This book covers the following topics: Phylogenetic, prevalence, and diversity of intestinal eukaryotic microbes; and their (still enigmatic) historical evolution and potential contributions to mucosal immune homeostasis. Integrative biology to study the molecular cell biology of parasite-host interactions and the multiple parameters underlining the infectious process. The exploitation of tissue engineering and microfluidics to establish three-dimensional (3D) systems that help to understand homeostasis and pathological processes in the human intestine.

Prebiotics and Probiotics
Prebiotics and Probiotics

Author:

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2020-03-04

Total Pages: 274

ISBN-13: 1789859212

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Probiotic bacteria are found in the intestinal microbiota of the host and favor multiple metabolic reactions. Prebiotics provide food for probiotic bacteria and have an effect on their own performance in favor of host health. Numerous metabolic and immunological mechanisms are involved in its effects. Probiotics have been studied for several decades and their use for human consumption is still unclear. However, new types of molecules with prebiotic functions and components of probiotic bacteria with therapeutic potential are still being studied. The versatility of these molecules makes their incorporation into human food and animal diets feasible. This book is a compendium of recent scientific information on the use of probiotics and prebiotics for the benefit of human and animal health.