Complications of Acute Stroke
Complications of Acute Stroke

Author: Reza Behrouz, DO

Publisher: Springer Publishing Company

Published: 2019-03-26

Total Pages: 301

ISBN-13: 0826124798

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Awareness and preparedness for potential complications in the aftermath of acute stroke is as important as initial treatment to achieve favorable clinical outcomes. Complications of Acute Stroke: A Concise Guide to Prevention, Recognition, and Management is the first book to focus exclusively on specific post-acute stroke complications that require timely and urgent attention. This practical, evidence-based guide is written for clinicians who provide in-hospital care to stroke patients and covers the broad range of medical and neurological issues that may manifest in the first 24 to 72 hours following ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. This book will assist neurologists, neurosurgeons, intensivists, hospitalists, and other team members in the optimal management of acute stroke patients. It provides a roadmap for assessing risk and monitoring, recognizing, and managing emergent problems that can lead to neurological deterioration or worsening. Chapters by specialists on the frontlines are formatted with structured headings that detail pathophysiology, preventive measures, identification, and management strategies. For quick and targeted reference at the point of care, boxed “Key Points”, tables, flowcharts or algorithms, and associated imaging are also included. Key Features: Practical guide to identify complications in acute stroke patients Easy to understand description of the pathophysiology underlying various complications Structured format for quick access to essential content Three-pillar approach of prevention, recognition, and effective management Detailed prevention strategies and treatment interventions for each complication Purchase includes access to the eBook for use on most mobile devices or computer

Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injuries (CIRI)
Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injuries (CIRI)

Author: Weijian Jiang

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-06-29

Total Pages: 269

ISBN-13: 331990194X

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This volume is focused on subjects related to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injuries after acute stroke. All chapters are selected from the Sixth Elite Stroke meeting named Pangu Stroke Conference and written by members of world leading laboratories of stroke studies. The contents cover both clinical and bench studies, from basic components of cerebral arterial system to clinical reperfusion injury cases, from reperfusion caused programmed cell death and astrocyte activation to oxidative stress and nitric oxide after reperfusion, from extracellular matrix and inflammation to a role of diabetes after reperfusion, from small artery disorders to collateral circulation and blood pressure control after reperfusion. Wei-Jian Jiang, Chairman of New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute of PLA Rocket Force General Hospital, Beijing, China. Wengui Yu, Professor and Director of Comprehensive Stroke & Cerebrovascular Center, University of California, Irvine Yan Qu, Professor and Director of Neurosurgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China. Zhongsong Shi, Professor of Neurosurgery at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Ben-yan Luo, Professor and Chair of Neurology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. John H. Zhang, Professor of Anesthesiology and Physiology at Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

Pharmaceutical Strategies to Prevent, Treat, and Recover: Advances and Challenges in Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Stroke
Pharmaceutical Strategies to Prevent, Treat, and Recover: Advances and Challenges in Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Stroke

Author: Yuwen Li

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2024-03-01

Total Pages: 218

ISBN-13: 2832545432

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Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Among them, ischemic stroke is attributed to an abrupt blockage of blood flow to brain, while hemorrhagic stroke is caused by bleeding into brain. The principal aim of stroke therapy is to decrease mortality and reduce persistent neurologic injury and long-term disability. It also targets to prevent complications and recurrence after stroke as well as minimize the brain function loss caused by the cerebral damage. Fortunately, many strokes could be prevented through healthy lifestyle changes and controlling stroke risk factors, such as cigarette or tobacco smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease. Carotid endarterectomy and stenting of the cervical and intracranial vessels may help reduce recurrent stroke in some cases. Advanced treatments and rehabilitation are helping many stroke patients return to society and their families.

Therapeutic Modulation of the Complement System: Clinical Indications and Emerging Drug Leads
Therapeutic Modulation of the Complement System: Clinical Indications and Emerging Drug Leads

Author: John D. Lambris

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2020-02-14

Total Pages: 185

ISBN-13: 2889634701

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The complement system is a multi-tasking gatekeeper of innate immunity thatintricately interacts with other key defense systems, such as the endothelial barrier,contact activation and coagulation systems, in maintaining tissue immunosurveillanceand homeostasis. Its rapid and forceful activation in the bloodstream not onlyensures the effective containment of microbial infections through potent cytolyticmechanisms, but also alerts the adaptive immune compartment to ensure the mountingof a proper humoral immune response against foreign antigens. However, there isa lurking ‘dark side’ that can lead complement astray, fueling a self-perpetuatingvicious cycle of inflammation, exuberant immune activation and irreversible tissueinjury that collectively exacerbate both acute and chronic pathologies. Indeed,complement dysregulation or excessive activation have been widely recognized askey pathogenic drivers in a wide spectrum of inflammatory or immune-mediateddiseases. Targeted modulation of the complement system at various points ofthe cascade has revealed promising therapeutic targets for ameliorating diseasescores in a number of conditions ranging from ocular, neurodegenerative andthromboinflammatory disorders, to cancer, periodontal diseases, chronic hemolyticanemias, ischemia-reperfusion organ injury, antibody-mediated transplant rejectionand hemodialysis-triggered inflammation. Elegant pre-clinical studies employing a diversified toolbox of highly specificcomplement inhibitors in rodent or primate models of disease have opened newavenues of therapeutic exploration by providing proof of concept for the therapeuticefficacy of complement modulation. At the same time, the clinical experience gainedduring this last decade with the sole complement-specific drug currently in the clinic,eculizumab, has rekindled the interest of biopharmaceutical companies in developingnew and potent complement therapeutics for complement-driven diseases. In this respect, the complement field is witnessing a new surge of clinical trialsthat are evaluating the safety, PK/PD profile and clinical efficacy of promising drugcandidates in a number of clinical conditions driven by complement imbalance orover-activation.

Non-Coding RNAs and Human Diseases, volume II: Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and Pathogenesis of Human Disease
Non-Coding RNAs and Human Diseases, volume II: Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and Pathogenesis of Human Disease

Author: Yujing Li

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2024-11-06

Total Pages: 207

ISBN-13: 2832556213

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides rarely translatable into protein, which distinguishes them from small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) such as miRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs exRNAs, (scaRNAs). Long intervening/intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) refer to lncRNA non-overlapped to protein-coding genes. In terms of abundance and specificity, ~30,000 lncRNAs have been identified in human tissues with ~ 10- fold lower abundance than mRNA. Near 80% of lncRNAs show tissue-specific features, in contrast to only less than 20% of mRNAs. In addition to tissue specificity, lncRNAs are also characterized by having significantly higher developmental stage specificity. Of the identified lncRNAs, although only a very small proportion have been validated to be biologically relevant, the emerging evidence has confirmed important regulatory functions at levels of transcription, post transcription, and epigenetic control. Physiologically, lncRNAs are involved in growth, development, reproduction, aging, and pathogenesis of disease initiation and progression, such as neurological disorders and cancers.

Endogenous Neuroprotection
Endogenous Neuroprotection

Author: Bernhard Schaller

Publisher: Nova Publishers

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 116

ISBN-13: 9781604562286

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Endogenous neuoprotection is a phenomenon where a brief episode of ischemia renders the brain resistant against a subsequent longer-asting ischemia event. Experimentally, the author was able to model hypoxic preconditioning in animal model. Increasing knowledge of this endogenous neuroprotectin by ischemic tolerance may help to minimize neuronal damage following ischemic stroke and hypoxic encephalopathy. This book is, therefore, the first overview of this important topic and will certainly influence further investigations in clinical and neuroscience research.