Centralized Control of Space
Centralized Control of Space

Author: Ricky B. Kelly

Publisher:

Published: 1993

Total Pages: 64

ISBN-13:

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"The purpose of this paper is to determine to what extent and how the Joint Force Commander (JFC) should control support from space forces. Current Air Force doctrine, as delineated in Air Force Manual (AFM) 1-1, identifies the Joint Force Air Component Commander (JFACC) as being responsible for both air and space for the theater. This statement follows the Air Force notion that air and space are an indivisible medium of warfare. On the other hand, Joint Pub 3-14 states the Operations Directorate, J-3, on the supported commander's (the JFC's) staff functions in this role. To examine this issue of in-theater control of space forces more closely, this study is divided into five chapters. Following the Introduction, Chapter 2 looks into how space forces were planned for and employed during Desert Storm. This chapter discusses who was in-charge and what planning processes were used. In Chapter 3, lessons and initiatives to improve planning and employment of support from space forces are discussed. Chapter 4 explores the possible need to have one individual in-theater clearly identified as being responsible for directing space forces. Centralized control, similar to air, may have beneficial effects that allow joint commanders to take better advantage of space forces' full potential. The study concludes by offering recommendations."--Abstract.

Space Capstone Publication Spacepower
Space Capstone Publication Spacepower

Author: Us Government United States Space Force

Publisher:

Published: 2020-08-11

Total Pages: 80

ISBN-13:

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This book, Space Capstone Publication Spacepower: Doctrine for Space Forces, is capstone doctrine for the United States Space Force and represents our Service's first articulation of an independent theory of spacepower. This publication answers why spacepower is vital for our Nation, how military spacepower is employed, who military space forces are, and what military space forces value. In short, this capstone document is the foundation of our professional body of knowledge as we forge an independent military Service committed to space operations. Like all doctrine, the SCP remains subject to the policies and strategies that govern its employment. Military spacepower has deterrent and coercive capacities - it provides independent options for National and Joint leadership but achieves its greatest potential when integrated with other forms of military power. As we grow spacepower theory and doctrine, we must do so in a way that fosters greater integration with the Air Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. It is only by achieving true integration and interdependence that we can hope to unlock spacepower's full potential.

Centralized Control and Decentralized Execution: a Catchphrase in Crisis?
Centralized Control and Decentralized Execution: a Catchphrase in Crisis?

Author: Clint Hinote

Publisher: CreateSpace

Published: 2012-07-23

Total Pages: 90

ISBN-13: 9781478296508

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The Air Force's master tenet of centralized control, decentralized execution is in danger of becoming dogma. Airmen have difficulty communicating the meaning of this phrase in a joint setting. This is partially due to our limited understanding of its history and the imprecise meaning of the words involved. Furthermore, the irregular conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq (and the ongoing service debates in the Pacific) have demonstrated the need for a deeper understanding of this master tenet to advocate effectively for airpower solutions. We must get this right, as it is critical to maximizing airpower's potential. Getting it right, however, requires moving beyond sound bites and bumper stickers.

Towards Improved Operational Command and Control of Space Weapons
Towards Improved Operational Command and Control of Space Weapons

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 26

ISBN-13:

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Recently, discussions concerning the weaponization of space have begun to reach a crescendo. Political and military leaders within the United States have started expanding the national discussion regarding this highly debated topic. This paper will not focus on the weaponization debate as a matter of policy, but rather will offer options for operational command and control of space weapons hypothetically deployed. Two broad categories are analyzed: command and control using reachback, and command and control from within the theater commander's operational area. The latter is divided into two possibilities: creation of a Joint Force Space Component Command (JFSCC) or creation of a Joint Force Air and Space Component Command (JFASCC). With doctrinal guidance as a starting point, each of these options for space strike command and control is analyzed according to its advantages and disadvantages to the operational commander. The paper concludes with a rationale for future Joint Force Commanders to create a Joint Forces Space Component Command to best command and control space strike assets.

Director of Space Forces: Refocused for the Way Ahead
Director of Space Forces: Refocused for the Way Ahead

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 29

ISBN-13:

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Space capabilities are no longer novelties, rather, they are vitally important to the joint warfighter at every level. While there is very little debate about the ever-increasing significance or usefulness of space to the joint warfighter, the command and control (C2) of space forces at the operational level has been an evolutionary challenge with the creation of the Director of Space Forces (DIRSPACEFOR) during Operation IRAQI FREEDOM. While the construct has worked well in OIF, the doctrinal disposition of the DIRSPACEFOR has been inhibited by the fact that it is seen as an Air Force solution. In order to move forward on the DIRSPACEFOR construct, this paper uncovers the underlying parochial motivations that are hindering progress, thus enabling a clear perspective for the way ahead focused on unity of effort. This paper does not attempt to solve the parochial inclinations or even dictate the best C2 structure; instead, it reframes the polarizing issues surrounding the DIRSPACEFOR position to appropriately concentrate on the unique nature of space requirements and missions, rather than on the medium and ownership. Unity of effort, not an unrealistic unity of command, must be the mandate. This paper recommends incorporation of a revamped joint, inter-agency DIRSPACEFOR-like construct centered on unity of effort, while reinforcing the flexibility of the joint force commander (JFC) to structure space forces based upon the mission, not presumed ownership.

Command and Control of Joint Air Operations
Command and Control of Joint Air Operations

Author: U.s. Joint Force Command

Publisher: CreateSpace

Published: 2014-07-26

Total Pages: 122

ISBN-13: 9781500643621

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Historically, control of the air has been a prerequisite to success for modern operations or campaigns because it prevents enemy air and missile threats from effectively interfering with operations of friendly air, land, maritime, space, and special operations forces, facilitating freedom of action and movement. Joint air operations are normally conducted using centralized control and decentralized execution to achieve effective control and foster initiative, responsiveness, and flexibility. When contemplating command and control (C2) options for joint air operations within the operational area, the joint force commander (JFC) can choose to exercise C2 through a functional component commander by designating a joint force air component commander (JFACC), one of the Service component commanders, or the joint force staff. Many factors will weigh on the JFC's selection-most notably the type and availability of forces and capabilities to accomplish the assigned mission.

Space Operations
Space Operations

Author: U.s. Joint Force Command

Publisher: CreateSpace

Published: 2014-07-17

Total Pages: 134

ISBN-13: 9781500543976

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Space capabilities have proven to be significant force multipliers when integrated into military operations. Space capabilities provide global communications; positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT); services; environmental monitoring; space-based intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR); and warning services to combatant commanders (CCDRs), Services, and agencies. To facilitate effective integration, joint force commanders (JFCs) and their staffs should have a common and clear understanding of how space forces contribute to joint operations and how military space operations should be integrated with other military operations to achieve US national security objectives.

Erstwhile Sanctuary
Erstwhile Sanctuary

Author: Brandon P. Alford

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages: 87

ISBN-13:

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"Exploring ways to optimize operational command and control for space operations reveals two major lines of effort, each with unique command and control challenges. The first line of effort -- force enhancement -- is comprised of space effects that support joint forces. Examples include intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), military satellite communications, positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT), and environmental monitoring. The second line of effort is national security. Nuclear operations and a variety of civil applications link space operations to national defense. Approaching these two mission areas as lines of effort allows strategists to optimize operational command and control for each line of effort. Force enhancement requires little coordination from a central operational command and control node. As effects are generated for theater commanders, it is personnel in the supported unified combatant command (UCC) who are in the best position to coordinate effects from space=based capabilities. National security introduces the need for unity of effort regarding defense and coordination of on-orbit systems. The variety of inter-agency, civil, commercial, and foreign stakeholders which form the national security space enterprise make unity of command impractical, and add complexity to achieving unity of effort. Given the increase in threats to space systems, and the likelihood that future conflict will involve space systems being at risk, it is worthwhile to explore optimal operational command and control arrangements for space operations"--Abstract.

Operations Doctrine for Space Forces
Operations Doctrine for Space Forces

Author: United States. Space Force

Publisher:

Published: 2023

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Space Force doctrine guides the proper use of spacepower and space forces in support of the service’s cornerstone responsibilities. It establishes a common framework for employing Guardians as part of a broader joint force. Doctrine provides fundamental principles and authoritative guidance as an informed starting point for decision-making and strategy development. Since it is impossible to predict the timing, location, and conditions of the next fight, commanders should be flexible in the implementation of this guidance as circumstances or mission dictate. Chapter 1 provides an overview of military space operations and the contribution of space to joint all-domain operations. Chapter 2 discusses the space operational environment, including the characteristics, threats, and challenges. Chapter 3 details the operational concept of spacepower and the role of Guardians in unified action across the competition continuum and the space operations that the Space Force organizes, trains, and equips Guardians to conduct. Chapter 4 discusses the structure of the Space Force and presentation of space forces as part of the joint force.