Central Bank Risk Management, Fintech, and Cybersecurity
Central Bank Risk Management, Fintech, and Cybersecurity

Author: Mr. Ashraf Khan

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2021-04-23

Total Pages: 75

ISBN-13: 1513582348

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Based on technical assistance to central banks by the IMF’s Monetary and Capital Markets Department and Information Technology Department, this paper examines fintech and the related area of cybersecurity from the perspective of central bank risk management. The paper draws on findings from the IMF Article IV Database, selected FSAP and country cases, and gives examples of central bank risks related to fintech and cybersecurity. The paper highlights that fintech- and cybersecurity-related risks for central banks should be addressed by operationalizing sound internal risk management by establishing and strengthening an integrated risk management approach throughout the organization, including a dedicated risk management unit, ongoing sensitizing and training of Board members and staff, clear reporting lines, assessing cyber resilience and security posture, and tying risk management into strategic planning.. Given the fast-evolving nature of such risks, central banks could make use of timely and regular inputs from external experts.

Central Bank Governance and the Role of Nonfinancial Risk Management
Central Bank Governance and the Role of Nonfinancial Risk Management

Author: Ashraf Khan

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2016-02-25

Total Pages: 51

ISBN-13: 1498388329

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This paper argues that nonfinancial risk management is an essential element of good governance of central banks. It provides a funnelled analysis, on the basis of selected literature, by (i) presenting an outline of central bank governance in general; (ii) zooming in on internal governance and organization issues of central banks; (iii) highlighting the main issues with nonfinancial risk management; and (iv) ending with recommendations for future work. It shows how attention for nonfinancial risk management has been growing, and how this has amplified the call for better governance of central banks. It stresses that in the area of nonfinancial risk management there are no crucial differences between commercial and central banks: both have people, processes, procedures, and structures. It highlights policy areas to be explored.

Cyber Resilience of the Central Bank Digital Currency Ecosystem
Cyber Resilience of the Central Bank Digital Currency Ecosystem

Author: Arvinder Bharath

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2024-08-27

Total Pages: 53

ISBN-13:

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Over 100 central banks around the globe are exploring central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) to modernize payment systems. They aim to explore potential benefits, risks, and the broad range of new capabilities CBDCs might offer. Some view CBDC exploration as an opportunity to rethink their existing, legacy payment systems and build a resilient and secure infrastructure using modern technologies. However, a CBDC creates a vast and complex ecosystem that amplifies existing risk exposures and surfaces new ones. Given the implications of issuing a CBDC, it should be seen as a fundamental change in the way the central bank operates. This note considers experiences from live CBDCs and is informed by experiments conducted by central banks and international institutions for domestic use. It also draws from cybersecurity and resilience frameworks from standard-setting bodies.

Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance
Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance

Author: El Bachir Boukherouaa

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2021-10-22

Total Pages: 35

ISBN-13: 1589063953

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This paper discusses the impact of the rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the financial sector. It highlights the benefits these technologies bring in terms of financial deepening and efficiency, while raising concerns about its potential in widening the digital divide between advanced and developing economies. The paper advances the discussion on the impact of this technology by distilling and categorizing the unique risks that it could pose to the integrity and stability of the financial system, policy challenges, and potential regulatory approaches. The evolving nature of this technology and its application in finance means that the full extent of its strengths and weaknesses is yet to be fully understood. Given the risk of unexpected pitfalls, countries will need to strengthen prudential oversight.

Fintech, Inclusive Growth and Cyber Risks: Focus on the MENAP and CCA Regions
Fintech, Inclusive Growth and Cyber Risks: Focus on the MENAP and CCA Regions

Author: Ms.Inutu Lukonga

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2018-09-11

Total Pages: 51

ISBN-13: 1484376544

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Financial technology (fintech) is emerging as an innovative way to achieve financial inclusion and the broader objective of inclusive growth. Thus far, fintech in the MENAP and CCA remains below potential with limited impact on financial inclusion. This paper reviews the fintech landscape in the MENAP and CCA regions, identifies the constraints to the growth of fintech and its contribution to inclusive growth and considers policy options to unlock the potential.

Cyber Risk and Financial Stability
Cyber Risk and Financial Stability

Author: Frank Adelmann

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2020-12-07

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13: 1513512293

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The ability of attackers to undermine, disrupt and disable information and communication technology systems used by financial institutions is a threat to financial stability and one that requires additional attention.

Cyber Risk for the Financial Sector: A Framework for Quantitative Assessment
Cyber Risk for the Financial Sector: A Framework for Quantitative Assessment

Author: Antoine Bouveret

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2018-06-22

Total Pages: 29

ISBN-13: 1484360753

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Cyber risk has emerged as a key threat to financial stability, following recent attacks on financial institutions. This paper presents a novel documentation of cyber risk around the world for financial institutions by analyzing the different types of cyber incidents (data breaches, fraud and business disruption) and identifying patterns using a variety of datasets. The other novel contribution that is outlined is a quantitative framework to assess cyber risk for the financial sector. The framework draws on a standard VaR type framework used to assess various types of stability risk and can be easily applied at the individual country level. The framework is applied in this paper to the available cross-country data and yields illustrative aggregated losses for the financial sector in the sample across a variety of scenarios ranging from 10 to 30 percent of net income.

Cyber Risk in Central Banking
Cyber Risk in Central Banking

Author: Sebastian Dörr

Publisher:

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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"The rising number of cyber attacks in the financial sector poses a threat to financial stability and makes cyber risk a key concern for policy makers. This paper presents the results of a survey among members of the Global Cyber Resilience Group on cyber risk and its challenges for central banks. The survey reveals that central banks have notably increased their cyber security-related investments since 2020, giving technical security control and resiliency priority. Central banks see phishing and social engineering as the most common methods of attack, and the potential losses from a systemically relevant cyber attack are deemed to be large, especially if the target is a big tech providing critical cloud infrastructures. Generally, respondents judge the preparedness of the financial sector for cyber attacks to be inadequate. While central banks in most emerging market economies provide a framework for the collection of information on cyber attacks on financial institutions, less than half of those in advanced economies do. Cooperation among public authorities, especially in the international context, could improve central banks’ ability to respond to cyber attacks."--Abstract.