Cell Synchrony
Cell Synchrony

Author: Ivan L. Cameron

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2013-10-02

Total Pages: 409

ISBN-13: 1483268977

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Cell Synchrony: Studies in Biosynthetic Regulation focuses on the processes, principles, applications, methodologies, and approaches involved in biosynthetic regulation, including chromosome replication, cellular biosynthesis, and enzyme synthesis. The selection first takes a look at the theory of synchronous cultures, synchronous replication of the chromosome in Bacillus subtilis, and chromosome replication in Escherichia coli. Discussions focus on attempts to characterize the physical state of replicating DNA, cell division and the regulation of chromosome replication, regulation of sequential chromosome synthesis, synchrony of chromosome replication, and determination of the cell doubling-time distribution function from the decay of synchronization. The text then examines nuclear events in synchronously dividing yeast cultures, periodic enzyme synthesis in synchronous cultures of yeast, and light-induced synchronous sporulation of a myxomycete. Topics include periodicity of enzyme synthesis, use of synchronous cultures for studying cellular biosynthesis, and cytological observations on synchronously dividing cultures. The book explores the effects of temperature on the mitotic cycle of normal and synchronized mammalian cells; behavior of sulfhydryl groups in synchronous division; and morphogenetic and macromolecular aspects of synchronized Tetrahymena. The selection is highly recommended for researchers interested in biosynthetic regulation.

Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies
Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies

Author: Jeffrey Noebels

Publisher: OUP USA

Published: 2012-06-29

Total Pages: 1258

ISBN-13: 0199746540

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Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.

Techniques in Cell Cycle Analysis
Techniques in Cell Cycle Analysis

Author: Joe W. Gray

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-02-24

Total Pages: 419

ISBN-13: 1603274065

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Quantification of the proliferative characteristics of normal and malignant cells has been of interest to oncolo gists and cancer biologists for almost three decades. This interest stems from (a) the fact that cancer is a disease of uncontrolled proliferation, (b) the finding that many of the commonly used anticancer agents are preferentially toxic to cells that are actively proliferating, and (c) the observa tion that significant differences in proliferation characteristics exist between normal and malignant cells. Initially, cell cycle analysis was pursued enthusiastically in the hope of gener ating information useful for the development of rational cancer therapy strategies; for example, by allowing identi fication of rapidly proliferating tumors against which cell cycle-specific agents could be used with maximum effec tiveness and by allowing rational scheduling of cell cyc- specific therapeutic agents to maximize the therapeutic ratio. Unfortunately, several difficulties have prevented realiza tion of the early promise of cell cycle analysis: Proliferative patterns of the normal and malignant tissues have been found to be substantially more complex than originally an ticipated, and synchronization of human tumors has proved remarkably difficult. Human tumors of the same type have proved highly variable, and the cytokinetic tools available for cell cycle analysis have been labor intensive, as well as somewhat subjective and in many cases inapplicable to humans. However, the potential for substantially improved cancer therapy remains if more accurate cytokinetic infor mation about human malignancies and normal tissues can be obtained in a timely fashion.

Normal and Malignant Cell Growth
Normal and Malignant Cell Growth

Author: R. J. M. Fry

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2014-05-12

Total Pages: 253

ISBN-13: 1483223663

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Normal and Malignant Cell Growth is a compendium of papers from the "Proceedings of the Third Cancer Training Grant" of the University of Chicago that deals with the processes associated with malignant neoplasia, as well as the cell proliferation kinetics of normal tissues. One paper presents the techniques used in the study on the proliferation kinetics of hemopoietic stem cells, suggesting that the hemopoietic stem cell population is not homogenous but consists of a "primitive pluripotential stem cell." A series of experiments at the Brookhaven National Laboratory investigates the relationship of cell survival, specifically that of stem cells, to the survival of the irradiated test animal. One result of the experiment shows a rapid migration of a number of stem cells from shielded marrow into unshielded marrow at the pressure of a rapid circulating pool. The numbers of stem cells are somewhat dependent on the dose given to the unshielded marrow, and are greater with the greater dose. Another paper also investigates the four methods that are used in the study of cellular kinetics in human tumors. This compendium can prove helpful for biochemists, micro-biologists, cellular researchers, and academicians involved in the study of cellular biology, physiology or oncology.

The Plant Cell Cycle and Its Interfaces
The Plant Cell Cycle and Its Interfaces

Author: Dennis Francis

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13: 9780849305047

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The Plant Cell Cycle and Its Interfaces is a timely review of what is known and what we need to know about important plant cell cycle interfaces. Only through proper understanding can we underpin the manipulation of crop plants and, in turn, provide the vital resources for an ever-increasing human population. Written by contributors from leading laboratories around the world, the book addresses fundamental questions about plant growth and development such as how plant growth regulators regulate the cell cycle, how nutrients drive the cell cycle, and how homeotic genes interface with the cell cycle at these key transition points.

Reproduction of Eukaryotic Cells
Reproduction of Eukaryotic Cells

Author: David M. Prescott

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 188

ISBN-13: 0323160522

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Reproduction of Eukaryotic Cells organizes in a single source the principal facts and observations on the cell life cycle and reproduction of eukaryotic cells. The aim is to increase the overall understanding of how these cells reproduce themselves and how this reproduction is regulated. The book begins with a discussion of the sections of the cell cycle and regulation of cell reproduction. Separate chapters on cell growth, cell synchrony, the G1 period, S period, and G2 period follow. Subsequent chapters are devoted to activities during cell division; cell cycle changes in surface morphology; the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in regulation of cell reproduction; and changes in nuclear proteins, RNA synthesis, and enzyme activities during the cell cycle. The final chapter covers the genetic analysis of the cell cycle.

Mathematical Models in Cell Biology and Cancer Chemotherapy
Mathematical Models in Cell Biology and Cancer Chemotherapy

Author: M. Eisen

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-13

Total Pages: 444

ISBN-13: 364293126X

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The purpose of this book is to show how mathematics can be applied to improve cancer chemotherapy. Unfortunately, most drugs used in treating cancer kill both normal and abnormal cells. However, more cancer cells than normal cells can be destroyed by the drug because tumor cells usually exhibit different growth kinetics than normal cells. To capitalize on this last fact, cell kinetics must be studied by formulating mathematical models of normal and abnormal cell growth. These models allow the therapeutic and harmful effects of cancer drugs to be simulated quantitatively. The combined cell and drug models can be used to study the effects of different methods of administering drugs. The least harmful method of drug administration, according to a given criterion, can be found by applying optimal control theory. The prerequisites for reading this book are an elementary knowledge of ordinary differential equations, probability, statistics, and linear algebra. In order to make this book self-contained, a chapter on cell biology and a chapter on control theory have been included. Those readers who have had some exposure to biology may prefer to omit Chapter I (Cell Biology) and only use it as a reference when required. However, few biologists have been exposed to control theory. Chapter 7 provides a short, coherent and comprehensible presentation of this subject. The concepts of control theory are necessary for a full understanding of Chapters 8 and 9.

Cell Culture and Its Application
Cell Culture and Its Application

Author: Ronald Acton

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 771

ISBN-13: 0323142613

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Cell Culture and Its Application covers the proceedings of the First International Cell Culture Congress Symposium, which focuses on how cell culture technology could impact on cell biology. The symposium aims to establish facilities for the cultivation of mammalian cells, which in turn would hopefully enhance basic cell biology research. The book is organized into four symposium and workshop sessions, encompassing 45 chapters. The opening chapter recognizes the interlocking relationship of cell culture technology and substantive cell biology. Chapters 2-5 describe the biochemical events that mark the cell cycle, with emphasis on occurrence of histone phosphorylation at each cycle. A discussion on cell differentiation, as a phenomena of interacting, inductive, and inhomogeneous cell populations, is included in these chapters. The second symposium session deals with signs of a revolution in progress in cell culture technology. This includes impact of tissue culture in physiological research course and in understanding of integrated physiology. The last two symposium sessions cover the large-scale production of virus from tissue cultures for cell antigens. An approach to the study of aging using diploid human cells in culture as a model system is also presented. It involves isolation and characterization of HLA antigens from cultured cells and their contribution to the study of disease. A brief discussion on mycoplasma contamination, microplasma-cell-virus interaction, and advantages and limitations of direct and indirect culture for primary isolation and detection of mycoplasma contamination is provided. The book then proceeds by discussing cell differentiation of specific cell or organ, such as testis, sensory cell, hepatocyte, embryonic muscle cell, and brain cortex. The concluding chapters cover nutritional requirements for cell growth, defined culture media for specific cell type, issues and problems related to large-scale cell production, and quality control. Cell biologists and researchers will find this book invaluable.

Tobacco BY-2 Cells
Tobacco BY-2 Cells

Author: Toshiyuki Nagata

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-09

Total Pages: 371

ISBN-13: 3662105721

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The first compilation of a wealth of knowledge on tobacco BY-2 cells, often cited as the HeLa cell line of higher plants. Basic issues of cell cycle progression, cytokinesis, cell organization and factors that are involved in these processes are covered in detail. Since the tobacco cell line is used as a tool for research in molecular and cellular biology, several chapters on such studies are also included. Further, changes of primary and secondary metabolites during culture and factors that affect these processes are treated. Last but not least, the so far unpublished historical background of the BY-2 cell line is described. This volume is a must for any scientist working in the field of plant biology.

Checkpoint Controls and Cancer
Checkpoint Controls and Cancer

Author: Axel H. Schönthal

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-02-03

Total Pages: 362

ISBN-13: 1592598110

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Intracellular checkpoint controls constitute a network of signal transd- tion pathways that protect cells from external stresses and internal errors. Ext- nal stresses can be generated by the continuous assault of DNA-damaging agents, such as environmental mutagens, ultraviolet (UV) light, ionizing radiation, or the reactive oxygen species that can arise during normal cellular metabolism. In response to any of these assaults on the integrity of the genome, the activation of the network of checkpoint control pathways can lead to diverse cellular responses, such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, or elimination of the cell by cell death (apoptosis) if the damage cannot be repaired. Moreover, internal errors can occur during the highly orchestrated replication of the cellular genome and its distribution into daughter cells. Here, the temporal order of these cell cycle events must be strictly enforced—for example, to ensure that DNA replication is c- plete and occurs only once before cell division, or to monitor mitotic spindle assembly, and to prevent exit from mitosis until chromosome segregation has been completed. Thus, well functioning checkpoint mechanisms are central to the maintenance of genomic integrity and the basic viability of cells and, the- fore, are essential for proper development and survival. The importance of proper functioning of checkpoints becomes plainly obvious under conditions in which this control network malfunctions and fails. Depending on the severity and timing, failure of this machinery can lead to embryonic lethality, genetic diseases, and cancer.