Butyl Acrylate Production from Propylene and Butanol - Cost Analysis - Butyl Acrylate E21A
Butyl Acrylate Production from Propylene and Butanol - Cost Analysis - Butyl Acrylate E21A

Author: Intratec

Publisher: Intratec

Published: 2017-06-01

Total Pages: 102

ISBN-13: 1641480602

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This report presents a cost analysis of n-Butyl Acrylate production from chemical grade propylene and n-butanol The process examined is a typical propylene oxidation, followed by a typical esterification process. In this process, propylene passes through a two-stage vapor phase oxidation to generate an acrylic acid-containing gas, from which acrylic acid is recovered via absorption in water. The aqueous acrylic acid solution is purified via light solvent extraction to ester-grade acrylic acid to be combined with n-butanol in a esterification reactor to generate crude a crude ester stream that is furhter purified to generate high-purity butyl acrylate. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Acrylic Acid", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition (2) "Acrylic Acid and Derivatives", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition Keywords: Propene, Air Oxidation, Propenoic Acid, Nippon Shokubai, Rohm & Haas, Dow, Esterification, Nippon Shokubai, Mitsubishi, BASF

Butanol Production from Propylene and Syngas - Cost Analysis - Butanol E21A
Butanol Production from Propylene and Syngas - Cost Analysis - Butanol E21A

Author: Intratec

Publisher: Intratec

Published: 2019-09-17

Total Pages: 102

ISBN-13:

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This report presents a cost analysis of n-Butanol production from propylene and syngas. The process examined is similar to the LP OXO technology jointly licensed by JM Davy and Dow, employing Selector 30 catalyst. In this process, the production ratio of n- to iso-butyraldehyde in the oxo reaction is about 30. The isobutyraldehyde is separated as a by-product and the n-butyraldehyde is hydrogenated to form n-Butanol as the final product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Oxo Alcohol, Butyl Alcohol, n-Butanol, Johnson Matthey, Dow, LP Oxo, SELECTOR

Butyl Acrylate Production from Acrylic Acid and Butanol - Cost Analysis - Butyl Acrylate E11A
Butyl Acrylate Production from Acrylic Acid and Butanol - Cost Analysis - Butyl Acrylate E11A

Author: Intratec

Publisher: Intratec

Published: 2017-06-01

Total Pages: 100

ISBN-13: 1641480866

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This report presents a cost analysis of n-Butyl Acrylate production from ester grade acrylic acid and n-butanol The process examined is a typical esterification process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Acrylic Acid and Derivatives", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition (2) US Patent 6320070, issued to BASF in 2001 Keywords: Esterification, Nippon Shokubai, Mitsubishi, BASF

Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites
Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites

Author: Khouloud Jlassi

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2017-07-26

Total Pages: 548

ISBN-13: 0323461611

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Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites is a complete summary of the existing knowledge on this topic, from the basic concepts of synthesis and design to their applications in timely topics such as high-performance composites, environment, and energy issues. This book covers many aspects of synthesis such as in- situ polymerization within the interlamellar spacing of the clays or by reaction of pristine or pre-modified clays with reactive polymers and prepolymers. Indeed, nanocomposites can be prepared at industrial scale by melt mixing. Regardless the synthesis method, much is said in this book about the importance of theclay pre-modification step, which is demonstrated to be effective, on many occasions, in obtaining exfoliated nanocomposites. Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites reports the background to numerous characterization methods including solid state NMR, neutron scattering, diffraction and vibrational techniques as well as surface analytical methods, namely XPS, inverse gas chromatography and nitrogen adsorption to probe surface composition, wetting and textural/structural properties. Although not described in dedicated chapters, numerous X-ray diffraction patterns of clay–polymer nanocomposites and reference materials are displayed to account for the effects of intercalation and exfoliations of layered aluminosilicates. Finally, multiscale molecular simulation protocols are presenting for predicting morphologies and properties of nanostructured polymer systems with industrial relevance. As far as applications are concerned, Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites examines structural composites such as clay–epoxy and clay–biopolymers, the use of clay–polymer nanocomposites as reactive nanocomposite fillers, catalytic clay-(conductive) polymers and similar nanocomposites for the uptake of hazardous compounds or for controlled drug release, antibacterial applications, energy storage, and more. - The most comprehensive coverage of the state of the art in clay–polymer nanocomposites, from synthesis and design to opportunities and applications - Covers the various methods of characterization of clay–polymer nanocomposites - including spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and X-ray diffraction - Includes a discussion of a range of application areas, including biomedicine, energy storage, biofouling resistance, and more

Algae Based Polymers, Blends, and Composites
Algae Based Polymers, Blends, and Composites

Author: Khalid Mahmood Zia

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2017-06-19

Total Pages: 740

ISBN-13: 0128123613

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Algae Based Polymers, Blends, and Composites: Chemistry, Biotechnology and Material Sciences offers considerable detail on the origin of algae, extraction of useful metabolites and major compounds from algal bio-mass, and the production and future prospects of sustainable polymers derived from algae, blends of algae, and algae based composites. Characterization methods and processing techniques for algae-based polymers and composites are discussed in detail, enabling researchers to apply the latest techniques to their own work. The conversion of bio-mass into high value chemicals, energy, and materials has ample financial and ecological importance, particularly in the era of declining petroleum reserves and global warming. Algae are an important source of biomass since they flourish rapidly and can be cultivated almost everywhere. At present the majority of naturally produced algal biomass is an unused resource and normally is left to decompose. Similarly, the use of this enormous underexploited biomass is mainly limited to food consumption and as bio-fertilizer. However, there is an opportunity here for materials scientists to explore its potential as a feedstock for the production of sustainable materials. - Provides detailed information on the extraction of useful compounds from algal biomass - Highlights the development of a range of polymers, blends, and composites - Includes coverage of characterization and processing techniques, enabling research scientists and engineers to apply the information to their own research and development - Discusses potential applications and future prospects of algae-based biopolymers, giving the latest insight into the future of these sustainable materials

Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents
Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents

Author: Evgeny N. Vulfson

Publisher: Humana

Published: 2010-11-19

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781617372568

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Enzymatic catalysis has gained considerable attention in recent years as an efficient tool in the preparation of natural products, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and food ingredients. The high selectivity and mild reaction con- tions associated with enzymatic transformations have made this approach an attractive alternative in the synthesis of complex bioactive compounds, which are often difficult to obtain by standard chemical routes. However, the maj- ity of organic compounds are not very soluble in water, which was traditi- ally perceived as the only suitable reaction medium for the application of biocatalysts. The realization that most enzymes can function perfectly well under nearly anhydrous conditions and, in addition, display a number of useful properties, e. g. , highly enhanced stability and different selectivity, has d- matically widened the scope of their application to the organic synthesis. Another great attraction of using organic solvents rather than water as a reaction solvent is the ability to perform synthetic transformations with re- tively inexpensive hydrolytic enzymes. It is worth reminding the reader that in vivo, the synthetic and hydrolytic pathways are catalyzed by different enzymes. However, elimination of water from the reaction mixture enables the “reversal” of hydrolytic enzymes and thus avoids the use of the expensive cofactors or activated substrates that are required for their synthetic count- parts.

Multifunctional Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers
Multifunctional Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers

Author: Vladimir Torchilin

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-03-21

Total Pages: 484

ISBN-13: 0387765549

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The editors have brought together leading experts in multifunctional nanopharmaceuticals to provide cutting edge information; a critical overview of the field; and analysis of current and potential future developments to speed the subject’s rapid development.

Green Chemistry
Green Chemistry

Author: Paul T. Anastas

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 392

ISBN-13:

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The history of environmental protection has dealt with hazardous substances by cleaning them up or treating them after the substances have formed. Green Chemistry, however, designs products and processes so that no hazardous materials are used or made in the first place. With applications fromplastic to paints, from automobiles to pharmaceuticals, Green Chemistry is revolutionising science and industry and its impact on the environment.