Bulgaria
Bulgaria

Author: International Monetary Fund

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2000-04-18

Total Pages: 152

ISBN-13: 1451804393

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This paper assesses key aspects of Bulgaria’s competitiveness. The behavior of a variety of a real exchange rate indicators and export performance is also examined in this study. The Balassa–Samuelson effect refers to the impact of differential productivity growth rates in the tradables and nontradables sectors on the real exchange rate. The following statistical data are also included in detail: total and private agricultural production, income accounts, labor force, employment and unemployment, monetary survey, foreign assets of the banking system, and so on.

Bulgaria: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
Bulgaria: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix

Author: International Monetary Fund

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Published: 2001-04-03

Total Pages: 109

ISBN-13: 9781451804409

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The extensive growth model introduced under central planning in the 1950s resulted in rapid industrialization and initially high growth. The efforts to bring the banking system on a sound footing following the 1996-97 crises have hardened budget constraints, but they have yet to result in a reorientation of banking sector activities toward private sector lending. The following statistical data are presented in detail: industrial sector, services by branches, income accounts, financial performance of state-owned enterprises, monetary survey, the exchange rates, and so on.

State-owned Banks in the Transition
State-owned Banks in the Transition

Author: Khaled Sherif

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 134

ISBN-13: 9780821354995

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'State-Owned Banks in the Transition: Origins, Evolution, and Policy Responses' reviews the experience with state banking over the last decade in the transition economies of Europe and Central Asia. State ownership of banking systems has undermined economic reform efforts and has distorted emerging markets. This study compares various approaches to reform and calls attention to the significant costs associated with continued state ownership. It concludes with lessons from experience and recommendations for policymakers on approaches to reducing state ownership of banks in the region. The findings indicate that restructuring of state banks has proven time consuming and costly, and governments are better off moving swiftly to privatize or liquidate their remaining state banks rather than attempting to rehabilitate them. This report includes seven case studies of individual state banks that have been reformed or privatized over the past decade. The case studies highlight the challenges of implementing various reform measures and illustrate how such challenges have been addressed in difficult economic and political contexts.

Financing Social Protection
Financing Social Protection

Author: Michael Cichon

Publisher: International Labour Organization

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 702

ISBN-13: 9789221151227

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This publication considers the range of financing options available for the design of cost-effective and equitable social welfare systems, giving a thorough analysis of their advantages and disadvantages and their financial and economic implications. Written by practitioners for practitioners, the book discusses the design and maintenance of national social protection systems that seek to ensure effective and efficient use of available resources at the community, national and international levels while supporting long-term economic development. The book explores theoretical and practical policy questions, as well as looking at the policy process that determines the affordable levels of and scope of social protection in a given country.

Mainstreaming Ageing
Mainstreaming Ageing

Author: Asghar Zaidi

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-09-29

Total Pages: 864

ISBN-13: 1351920960

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The Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA), adopted at the Second World Assembly on Ageing, is the first international agreement that specifically recognises the potential of older people to contribute to the development of their societies. In monitoring its implementation two key approaches are evident: a qualitative bottom-up participatory approach and an approach that uses quantitative indicators to monitor sustainable progress and policies. With the European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, playing a pivotal role in the monitoring of the implementation process, one of its key tasks has been to develop a list of 'indicators of achievement'. This book contains extended and revised versions of policy briefs and background papers that support the implementation monitoring process. The analyses included in these chapters make concrete suggestions towards quantitative indicators, with the aim of assisting national governments in mainstreaming ageing in their policies. The contributors provide an overview of the current situation with respect to population ageing and its consequences and also provide projections for the future. The book also includes the final list of quantitative indicators that arose out of consultations with international experts, related to the four main topics addressed: demography, income and wealth, labour market participation, and social protection and financial sustainability.

Western Balkan Integration and the EU
Western Balkan Integration and the EU

Author: Sanjay Kathuria

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2008-01-01

Total Pages: 184

ISBN-13: 0821374737

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This title explores ways for the Western Balkan countries to improve growth prospects through deepening of regional integration and improving selected elements of their investment climate. It analyzes areas relating to trade in goods and services, regional integration, and selected aspects of the investment climate. It suggests that countries in the region could reap sustained growth payoffs by focusing on deepening regional integration, improving human capital, reducing telecommunication costs and pre-empting energy shortages.