Britain and the Spanish Anti-Franco Opposition
Britain and the Spanish Anti-Franco Opposition

Author: D. Dunthorn

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2000-10-06

Total Pages: 246

ISBN-13: 1403919445

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After fascism's defeat in 1945 Britain did not co-operate with Franco's Spanish opponents to end his dictatorship. This study demonstrates how divisions in the Spanish opposition were one factor but argues that Britain's strategic and commercial interests in Spain also acted as a disincentive. Only when international pressure for sanctions threatened Iberian stability in 1947 did the British government turn to the Spanish opposition. With the advent of the Cold War, however, the opposition became irrelevant to British needs and Franco's survival was guaranteed.

Britain and the Spanish Anti-Franco Opposition, 1940-1950
Britain and the Spanish Anti-Franco Opposition, 1940-1950

Author: David Joseph Dunthorn

Publisher:

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 236

ISBN-13: 9780312237844

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After-Fascism's defeat in 1945 Britain did not cooperate with Franco's Spanish opponents to end his dictatorship. This study demonstrates how divisions in the Spanish opposition were one factor but argues that Britain's strategic and commercial interests in Spain also acted as a disincentive. Only when international pressure for sanctions threatened Iberian stability in 1947 did the British government turn to the Spanish opposition. With the advent of the Cold War, however, the opposition became irrelevant to British needs and Franco's survival was guaranteed.

Hunting Nazis in Franco's Spain
Hunting Nazis in Franco's Spain

Author: David A. Messenger

Publisher: LSU Press

Published: 2014-05-12

Total Pages: 244

ISBN-13: 0807155659

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In the waning days and immediate aftermath of World War II, Nazi diplomats and spies based in Spain decided to stay rather than return to a defeated Germany. The decidedly pro-German dictatorship of General Francisco Franco gave them refuge and welcomed other officials and agents from the Third Reich who had escaped and made their way to Iberia. Amid fears of a revival of the Third Reich, Allied intelligence and diplomatic officers developed a repatriation program across Europe to return these individuals to Germany, where occupation authorities could further investigate them. Yet due to Spain's longstanding ideological alliance with Hitler, German infiltration of the Spanish economy and society was extensive, and the Allies could count on minimal Spanish cooperation in this effort. In Hunting Nazis in Franco's Spain, David Messenger deftly traces the development and execution of the Allied repatriation scheme, providing an analysis of Allied, Spanish, and German expatriate responses. Messenger shows that by April 1946, British and American embassy staff in Madrid had compiled a census of the roughly 10,000 Germans then residing in Spain and had drawn up three lists of 1,677 men and women targeted for repatriation to occupied Germany. While the Spanish government did round up and turn over some Germans to the Allies, many of them were intentionally overlooked in the process. By mid-1947, Franco's regime had forced only 265 people to leave Spain; most Germans managed to evade repatriation by moving from Spain to Argentina or by solidifying their ties to the Franco regime and Span-ish life. By 1948, the program was effectively over. Drawing on records in American, British, and Spanish archives, this first book-length study in English of the repatriation program tells the story of this dramatic chapter in the history of post--World War II Europe.

Anglo-Hispania beyond the Black Legend
Anglo-Hispania beyond the Black Legend

Author: Mark Lawrence

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2023-10-19

Total Pages: 247

ISBN-13: 1350366234

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This book traces and analyses the relationship between Britain and Spain in its various forms since 1489. So often viewed as antagonistic rivals in history, the two countries are here compared and contrasted in order to shed light on their international connection and how this has evolved over time. Mark Lawrence reflects on the similarities of their composite monarchies, their roles as successive projectors of European global power, and the common fondness for peculiarly patriotic expressions of Christianity through the ages. At the same time, Lawrence is alert to recognising other ways in which Britain and Spain have seemed worlds apart in their respective corners of the European continent. He examines how British Protestants excoriated Spain in a 'Black Legend', while Catholic propagandists dismissed rising English power as the work of pirates and heretics during the early modern period. In a series of chronological chapters rich with a diverse range of sources, Anglo-Hispania beyond the Black Legend considers the cultural exchanges which flourished amidst the growth of travel and new ideas in the 18th century, the surprising alliances of the 19th century and the shared international causes of the 20th. Whereas Spaniards feared or admired Britain for its successful political and fiscal system, the book convincingly argues, Britons romanticised Iberia for its supposed failures. It ultimately concludes that British campaigns in the 1700s and 1800s established a Romantic Spain in memoir culture which the 20th century gradually dissolved in the ideological cauldron of the 1930s and the advent of mass tourism.

The Politics and Strategy of Clandestine War
The Politics and Strategy of Clandestine War

Author: Neville Wylie

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2006-09-15

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 1134166508

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This fascinating new collection of essays on Britain’s Special Operations Executive (SOE) explores the ‘non-military’ aspects of British special operations in the Second World War. It details how SOE was established in the summer of 1940 to ‘set Europe ablaze’, as Churchill memorably put it. This was a task it was meant to achieve by detonating popular resistance against Axis rule, and nurturing ‘secret armies’, which might be capable of providing military and other forms of assistance for British forces when they were once again able to return to the offensive and conduct land operations in Europe. The importance of the collection, however, goes beyond merely illuminating aspects of SOE’s work which have largely been overlooked in previous scholarship. More significantly, by situating SOE within the context of Britain’s broader political needs, the essays demonstrate the extent to which SOE came to epitomise and embody the range of skills that are found in today’s secret service organisations. SOE showed itself capable of operating on a global scale and developing the necessary expertise, equipment and personnel to conduct activities across the whole spectrum of what we have come to know as ‘covert operations’. By bringing SOE’s activities into sharper focus and exposing the scale of its involvement in Britain’s wartime external relations, the essays echo current thinking on the place of the so-called ‘secret world’ in international politics.

Anglo-American Hispanists and the Spanish Civil War
Anglo-American Hispanists and the Spanish Civil War

Author: S. Faber

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2008-08-04

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 0230614094

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In this book, Faber assesses the long-term impact of the Spanish Civil War on Hispanic Studies as an academic field in the United States and Great Britain. Combining institutional history with biography, the book gives a compelling account of the dilemmas that the war posed for four Hispanists who turned their love of Spain into their life's work.

Historical Dictionary of World War II
Historical Dictionary of World War II

Author: Anne Sharp Wells

Publisher: Scarecrow Press

Published: 2013-12-24

Total Pages: 567

ISBN-13: 0810879441

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This dictionary covers the complex and costly conflict that began when Germany, ruled by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, invaded neighboring Poland on 1 September 1939; and concluded when Germany surrendered on 7–9 May 1945, leaving much of the European continent in ruins and its population devastated. The war against Germany, Italy, and the other European Axis members was fought primarily in Europe, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, East and North Africa, and the Atlantic Ocean. The Axis powers were defeated by the Allies, led by the “Grand Alliance” of Great Britain, the United States, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The Historical Dictionary of World War II: The War against Germany and Italy relates the history of this war through a chronology, an introductory essay, maps and photos, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 300 cross-referenced entries on the countries and geographical areas involved in the war, as well as the nations remaining neutral; wartime alliances and conferences; significant civilian and military leaders; and major ground, naval, and air operations. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about World War II.

Britain in Global Politics Volume 1
Britain in Global Politics Volume 1

Author: C. Baxter

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2013-09-26

Total Pages: 307

ISBN-13: 1137367822

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This volume of essays focuses upon Britain's international and imperial role from the mid-Victorian era through until the immediate aftermath of the Second World War. Individual chapters by acknowledged authorities in their field deal with a variety of broad-ranging and particular issues, including: 'cold wars' before the Cold War in Anglo-Russian relations; Lord Curzon and the diplomacy of war and peace-making; air-power as an instrument of colonial control; Foreign Office efforts to frame and influence the historical narrative; Winston Churchill's alternative to, and the pursuit of, policies of 'appeasement'; British responses to conflict and regime change in Spain; the Secret Intelligence Service and British diplomacy in East Asia'; Neville Chamberlain and the 'phoney war'; efforts to combat American misperceptions of Britain in wartime; and British-American differences over the future of Italy's colonial possessions. This collection, along with the accompanying volume covering the period after World War 2, is dedicated to the memory of Professor Saki Dockrill.

The Francoist Military Trials
The Francoist Military Trials

Author: Peter Anderson

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2009-09-10

Total Pages: 234

ISBN-13: 1135269106

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In Spain between 1936-1945, the Franco regime carried out one Europe’s more brutal but less remembered programs of mass repression. Many were murdered by the regime’s death squads, and in some areas Francoists also subjected up to 15% of the population to summary military trials. Here many suffered the death sentence or jail terms up to thirty years. Although historians have recognised the staggering scale of the trials, they have tended to overlook the mass participation that underpinned them. In contrast to the discussion in other European countries, little attention has been paid to the wide scale collusion in the killings and incarcerations in Spain. Exploring mass complicity in the trials of hundreds of thousands of defeated Republicans following the end of the Spanish Civil War, The Francoist Military Trials probes local Francoists’ accusations whereby victims were selected for prosecution in military courts. It also shows how insubstantial and hostile testimony formed the bedrock of ‘investigations’, secured convictions, and shaped the harsh sentencing practices of Franco’s military judges. Using civil court records, it also documents how grassroots Francoists continued harassing Republicans for many years after they emerged from prison. Challenging the popularly prevalent view that the Franco regime imposed a police state upon a passive Spanish society, the evidence Anderson uncovers here illustrates that local state officials and members of the regime’s support base together forged a powerful repressive system that allowed them to wage war on elements of their own society to a greater extent than perhaps even the Nazis managed against their own population.