Bone reconstruction of defects resulting from atrophy, injury, congenital malformations, or neoplasms has become a routine part of dental rehabilitation procedures, but it requires sound knowledge of bone repair processes and graft behavior. This book presents protocols for harvesting, preserving, and placing bone grafts that are based on the biology and general principles of bone grafting involving the symphysis, ascending ramus and body, coronoid process, maxillary tuberosity, sinus wall, zygomatic buttress, calvarium, iliac crest, and tibia.
Dental Implants and Bone Grafts: Materials and Biological Issues brings together cutting-edge research to provide detailed coverage of biomaterials for dental implants and bone graft, enabling scientists and clinicians to gain a thorough knowledge of advances and applications in this field. As tooth loss and alveolar bony defects are common and pose a significant health problem in dental clinics, this book deals with timely topics, including alveolar bone structures and pathological changes, reviews of indications and advantages of biomaterials for dental implants and bone graft, design and surface modification, biological interaction and biocompatibility of modern dental implants and bone graft, and new frontiers.This book is a highly valuable resource for scientists, clinicians and implantologists interested in biomaterial and regenerative strategies for alveolar bone reconstruction.
With contributions from: R. Gruber, Th. Hanser, Ph. Keeve, Ch. Khoury, J. Neugebauer, J. E. Zöller Bone and Soft Tissue Augmentation in Implantology addresses useful methods of bone grafting procedures in implant treatment based on current biologic principles and constitutes a unique reference in this field. The book describes, in over 760 pages and 2837 mostly color illustrations, the different possibilities available to augment the bone volume in width and height. The information presented includes not only the underlying scientific concepts of the different augmentation techniques with autogenous bone, but also the associated soft tissue management, from safe approaches to different possibilities for soft tissue augmentation and papilla reconstruction techniques. The book provides surgeons with a basic understanding of the biologic response to bone grafting procedures. Experienced implantologists will benefit from the in-depth background information, details of high-level surgical techniques, and scientific results, which will enable them to optimize their surgical procedures. Each chapter offers a wealth of information on the specific topic covered, with much attention given to the scientific concepts behind each one. Extensive case reports with step-by-step documentation allow readers to gain an impression of what is possible today in the 3D reconstruction procedures of the alveolar crest. Important criteria for success are presented as well as possible complications and their treatment. Bone and Soft Tissue Augmentation in Implantology is a must-read for every implantologist, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, and any dentist interested in surgery.
Discusses all aspects of dental implants offering an overview of bone biology. Reviews graft materials and membrane barriers as well as recommends the situations and types of defects for which these materials are best suited. Covers harvesting and surgical techniques. Abundant color illustrations.
While an oral surgery resident in training at the University of Michigan in 1977, I observed a strange phenomenon in a maxillary fracture patient. A unilateral ossification of the maxillary antrum occurred following a Le Fort III fracture that had been treated the year before. I wondered how trauma around the antrum due to an impacted maxilla and the inferiorly displaced orbital rim could lead to an ossified maxillary sinus. The trauma was bilateral, yet only one side responded by ossification. Furthermore, there appeared to be no functional impairment of the sinus. This unusual finding remained a mystery to me for many years. It wasn't until 1980, when Phil Boyne published the first paper on the sinus augmentation graft, that the mystery began to be solved. He found that preservation of the elevated sinus membrane created a confined space in which bone had the potential to form. Dr Boyne went on to show, in a primate study, that bone would readily form in the sinus floor, but that the newly formed bone would completely resorb over a period of a year unless dental implants were placed to help maintain the bone. Many other workers began to experiment with various bone-grafting materials, both in animals and clinically. Remarkably, most of the materials demonstrated new bone formation in the graft sites. Because dental implants were generally used as the measure of bone graft success and since there were very few implant failures reported in the literature, confusion resulted as to which grafting material to use. It seemed they all worked. To sort this out, a few patients with 5 to 7 mm of available bone were treated with sinus elevation and Gore-Tex over the lateral osteotomy site only. Despite no graft material be used, bone formed. As long as the sinus membrane remained intact, bone formed beneath the sinus membrane that had been tented up by simultaneously placed implants. The need to use any graft material at all appeared to be brought into question. At the same time, practitioners lined up in two camps: those who placed implants in delayed fashion after graft maturation and those who preferred simultaneous implant placement. Both approaches published a high level of success seeming to substantiate their protocols, but once again the measure of success was hampered by the lack of any human evidence for efficacy. A 5-year implant retrieval study was undertaken using standard titanium mini-implants that had been placed simultaneously with grafting. Interestingly, bone did not form well around these implants in this setting despite positive reviews in animal studies. Could we conclude that the delayed approach was preferred, or was there another factor, such as the implant surface, that could be important? Hydroxyapatite-coated, titanium plasma-sprayed, and acid-etched titanium implant surfaces seemed to do well in the grafted bone. Could this be the answer for implants placed into sinus bone grafts? As these developments are progressing, new interest is generated in jump-starting the natural inductive processes of bone formation through pharmacokinetics. Early results of human studies now appear to be favorable for using bone morphogenetic protein as a graft alternative that stands to modify all of the protocols in use to date. How these various approaches work toward definitive answers to the basic biologic and clinical questions is what this book is all about. The authors attempt to answer the how, why, when, and where of sinus grafting. It is hoped that the state of the art of sinus grafting will be elucidate for the reader in the ongoing quest for scientific knowledge and its clinical appilcation that will ultimately lead to excellence in patient care.
Translating Biomaterials for Bone Graft: Bench-top to Clinical Applications brings together the current translational research in bone tissue engineering, from design to application – from materials, drugs and biologic delivery used for bone graft applications to pre-clinical and clinical considerations. The book also discusses the regulatory approval pathways, which involves consideration of the class of devices; whether they are similar to existing solutions, minimal manipulation of donor tissue or completely novel materials, drugs and biologics. These considerations drive the ability to successfully transition the latest generations of bone graft materials into the clinics. Chapters come from materials scientists, clinicians, researchers, and consultants and provide a holistic understanding of the field. As such, the book is a state-of-the-art reference to bone therapies and should appeal to clinicians, scientists, as well as students interested in the current research and/or practices in the field of bone regeneration and restoration.
One of the most important factors in ensuring successful osseointegration is the stability of the implant after its insertion. In order to achieve optimum conditions for implantation, it is often necessary to prepare the area and reconstruct the bone to ensure that it is the correct shape and size for the implant. Preprosthetic and maxillofacial surgery provides a thorough review of the current status and future direction of this important field. Part one reviews bone grafting for implantology and reconstructive preprosthetic surgery. Chapters in part two discuss reconstruction and rehabilitation whilst the final group of chapters analyse tissue engineering applications. - Provides readers with the fundamentals of the biology and physiology of maxillofacial bone reconstruction - Examines bone reconstruction in implantology and reconstructive preprosthetic surgery considering the fundamentals of bone grafting and alveolar reconstruction - Explores construction in particular situations, beginning with applications of biomaterials in alveolar and maxillofacial bone reconstruction and moving on to describe implants in congenital missing teeth
Comprehensively describes bone augmentation techniques and their application to the different anatomical regions of the upper and lower jaws. Bone Augmentation by Anatomical Region is a unique, evidence-based guide focusing on each specific anatomical region – anterior maxilla, posterior maxilla, anterior mandible, and posterior mandible – in order to emphasize the correct implemented procedures needed to successfully perform oral osseous reconstruction. Numerous ridge augmentation techniques are covered, including: horizontal and vertical guided bone regeneration, autologous block transplantation, interpositional bone grafting, allogeneic blocks, sandwich technique, split-expansion ridge technique, and sinus floor grafting. Non-augmented approaches such as forced socket site extrusion and the installation of digitally printed implants are also presented and discussed. Guides readers on tackling bone augmentation via anatomical region of the jaws and their related surrounding muscles, vascularization and innervation Presents innovative augmentation techniques for the anterior maxilla, posterior maxilla, anterior mandible, and posterior mandible Includes clinical photographs in each section and a decision tree to help readers select the appropriate surgical modality Bone Augmentation by Anatomical Region is a specialist resource suitable for dentists who practice implant dentistry, oral surgeons, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, periodontists, and postgraduate dental students in the above-mentioned disciplines. Please note Due to recently developments, part of Chapter 2 Biologic Conditions for Bone Growth and Maintenance: Managing the Oxidative Stress has been amended which will be available in all future reprints. All electronic versions have been updated.
This valuable book presents clinical experiences and research of bone grafting. Bone grafting is an essential technique practiced by craniofacial, maxillofacial, orthopedic, neuro, reconstructive and oral surgeons. Bone grafting can be used for reconstruction and restoring missing bone in trauma and tumor surgery of the facial bone or in road traffic accidents with multiple injuries and in post-traumatic missile war injuries to the face or limbs. Bone grafts, in the form of Kummoona Chondro-Ossous graft or Costo-Chondral graft, are used for reconstruction of damage TMJ for restoration of growth, function, and repair. Bone grafting is a surgical procedure where the iliac crest or rib or tibia is used to perform grafting. In this book, we examine the experimental studies on rabbits to understand the cellular changes associated with bone grafting. From this, we noticed that mesenchymal stem cells and growth factor are released from platelets and these play an important role in healing the bone graft. We recommend this valuable book to all cranio-maxillofacial, orthopedic, plastic, reconstructive, neuro and oral surgeons and to all postgraduate students studying bone grafting.
