This volume discusses the current state of the nation's blood supply--including studies of blood availability, ways of enhancing blood collection and distribution, frozen red cell technology, logistical concerns in prepositioning frozen blood, extended liquid storage of red cells, and blood substitutes.
Blood substitutes are solutions designed for use in patients who need blood transfusions, but for whom whole blood is not available, or is not safe. This interest has intensified in the wake of the AIDS and hepatitis C epidemics. Blood Substitutes describes the rationale, current approaches, clinical efficacy, and design issues for all blood substitutes now in clinical trials. The many summary diagrams and tables help make the book accessible to readers such as surgeons and blood bankers, who have less technical expertise than the biochemists and hematologists who are designing and testing blood substitutes.* Includes chapters necessary to the understanding of blood substitutes, including history, toxicity, physiology, and clinical applications* Presents detailed descriptions of the various products that have been developed and have advanced to clinical trials, and some that are in earlier states of development
This book contains the selected papers presented at the seventh International Symposium on Blood Substitutes (7th ISBS) held at the International Conference Center of Waseda University in Tokyo on 7-10 September 1997. In keeping with the scientific design of the 7th ISBS Symposium, chapters have been carefully selected and organized to showcase the advancements in recent research. This book includes up-to-date clinical results of leading companies which are manufacturing hemoglobin-based or fluorocarbon-based blood substitutes, and covers issues of hemoglobin toxicity and side effects such as vasoconstriction in more detail using carefully designed in vivo and ex vivo techniques. This book is also a collection of various new types of red cell substitutes such as recombinant Hbs, recombinant albumine-lipidheme complex, modified red blood cells, and perfluorochemicals using material science and molecular engineering.
Each chapter of this volume is a contribution from an expert in the field, chosen by the editors to contribute to the 1997 "Current Issues in Blood Substitute Research and Development" course given in San Diego, March 17-19. The contributors were selected because of their expertise in areas which the editors believe to be critical to the advancement of the field, and which reflect activity in "hot" areas of relevant research. While there is a continuity in style for the annual course, each year brings changes in emphasis and content. In previous years, we were often not able to provide time for participants to present their views and opinions. Consequently, this year we encouraged discussion after each presentation. These sessions were recorded, transcribed, and are printed with the chapters herein. We believe that the product is very close to the capturing this year's course in print, and trust readers will enjoy reading the always candid and often provocative remarks from the audience. The price paid for inclusion of the discussion transcriptions was a delay in publication. Each author was allowed to edit his/her discussion section as well as the final version of the chapters prior to publication. The changes are mainly for grammar, and we tried, when possible, not to alter the conversational style of these interchanges.
Currently, hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are leading candidates as red blood cell substitutes. In addition, HBOCs are also potential oxygen therapeutics for treatment of patients with critical ischemic conditions due to atherosclerosis, diabetes and other conditions. This book will provide readers a comprehensive review of topics involved in the HBOC development. It focusses on current products and clinical applications as well as on emerging technologies and future prospects.
Meeting the needs of patients while minimizing blood transfusions requires special expertise, precise monitoring and innovative techniques. This cutting-edge resource covers all the important clinical aspects of transfusion medicine in diverse clinical settings, with a special emphasis on alternatives to transfusion. Edited by a multidisciplinary team consisting of a transfusion specialist, an anesthesiologist and an intensive care specialist this book is endorsed by the Network for Advancement of Transfusion Alternatives. The contributors review the appropriate use of fluids and of blood products, and describe the latest treatment options available to decrease the need for allogeneic blood products including: Argon beam Cell saver Harmonic scalpel Normovolemic haemodilution Synthetic erythropoietin Antifibrinolytics Recombinant factor VIIa Advanced monitoring of hemostasis Intravenous iron The new edition is a key reference source for all those involved in the practice of blood management and conservation.
This comprehensive book is written to inform and improve outcomes of patients in need of blood management during surgical procedures. Information is presented in an accessible format, allowing for immediate use in clinical practice. Beginning with an overview of the history of blood transfusions, early chapters present the foundational information needed to comprehend information in later chapters. Nuanced procedures, drugs, and techniques are covered, including new biologicals to assist clotting and blood substitutes. Further discussions focus on potential complications seen in blood transfusions, such as diseases of the coagulation system, pathogen transmissions, and acute lung injuries. Chapters also examine the complexities of treating specific demographics, of which include the geriatric patient and patients suffering from substance abuse. Essentials of Blood Product Management in Anesthesia Practice is an invaluable guide for anesthesiologists, surgeons, trauma physicians, and solid organ transplant providers.
While a reliable supply of donated blood is vital in modern medicine, it remains the case that blood transfusion comes with its own problems, such as infectious diseases, immunological adverse reactions, and difficulties with long-term storage and transportation of blood components. With a view to solving these problems, developing a suitable blood substitute has been a major goal for decades. Artificial Oxygen Carrier: Its Front Line is a compilation of reports on the concepts behind artificial oxygen carriers, as well as the new discoveries in the field that were presented during the 13th Keio International Symposium for Life Science and Medicine. This volume describes valuable topics, including artificial red blood cells, modified haemoglobin, perfluorocarbons, and haemoglobin vesicles. It explains cutting-edge developments in artificial oxygen carrier research and will be a valuable resource to all concerned with the field.
Nanotechnology for Hematology, Blood Transfusion, and Artificial Blood outlines the fundamental design concepts and emerging applications of nanotechnology in hematology, blood transfusion and artificial blood. This book is an important reference source for materials scientists, engineers and biomedical scientists who are looking to increase their understanding of how nanotechnology can lead to more efficient blood treatments. Sections focus on how nanotechnology could offer new routes to address challenging and pressing issues facing rare blood diseases and disorders and how nanomaterials can be used as artificial cell-like systems (compartmentalized biomimetic nanocontainers), which are especially useful in drug delivery. For artificial blood, the nanotechnological approach can fabricate artificial red blood cells, platelet substitutes, and white blood cell substitutes with their inherent enzyme and other supportive systems. In addition, nanomaterials can promote blood vessel growth and reserve red blood cells at a positive temperature. - Provides information on how nanotechnology can be used to create more efficient solutions for blood transfusions and hematology treatments - Explores the major nanomaterial types that are used for these treatments - Assesses the major challenges of using nanomaterials hematology
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
