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Author: Candace H. Haigler
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 1990-12-20
Total Pages: 718
ISBN-13: 9780849383991
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA gathering of articles bringing together knowledge of both the synthesis and degradation of a pervasive biological substance, cellulose. Topics include native cellulose; particle rosettes and terminal globules; microfibril biogenesis; synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum ; biodegradation measurement; e
Author: Takayoshi Higuchi
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2012-12-02
Total Pages: 696
ISBN-13: 0323143288
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBiosynthesis and Biodegradation of Wood Components is a comprehensive account of the biosynthesis and biodegradation of wood and wood components. Topics covered range from the localization of polysaccharides and lignins in wood cell walls to the metabolism and synthetic function of cambial tissue, along with the function of cell organelles in the biosynthesis of cell wall components. The biosynthesis of plant cell wall polysaccharides is also discussed. This book is comprised of 22 chapters and begins with an overview of the structure of wood, with emphasis on three aspects of sections of wood: the cross or transverse section, the tangential section, and the radial section or face. The following chapters deal with the structure and chemistry of the major components of wood cell walls; the metabolism and synthetic function of cambial tissue; the function of organelles involved in biosynthesis; and the biosynthesis both of the major cell wall components of wood (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignins) and of wood extractives. The microbial degradation of cell wall components and aromatic extractives of wood is also considered, together with the microorganisms involved in lignin biodegradation as well as the physiology and biochemistry of degradation by white-rot fungi. This monograph will be of interest to biochemists as well as students and researchers in biochemistry.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
Published: 2012-06-25
Total Pages: 442
ISBN-13: 0123914361
DOWNLOAD EBOOKLignins are nature’s aromatic polymers and are the second most abundant organic constituent of the biosphere next to cellulose. Lignification mainly occurs in the walls of terrestrial vascular plants, mainly in the secondarily thickened cells of supportive or conductive tissues, which thus acquire novel properties. This new volume of Advances in Botanical Research gives a special emphasis to the bioengineering of these enigmatic polymers. It is divided in nine chapters containing up-to-date reviews by expert groups in their field. Gives a special emphasis to the bioengineering of these enigmatic polymers, lignins Divided in nine chapters Contains up-to-date reviews by expert groups in their field
Author: F. Loewus
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-12-06
Total Pages: 534
ISBN-13: 1461588731
DOWNLOAD EBOOKForest trees constitute one of the major resources of the world and their utilization, either for structural purposes or for the materials which they yield, dates back to antiquity. Over the centuries, the exploitation of this resource has become progressively more sophisticated, and, in many parts of the world has led to the development of highly complex forest-based industries. The research and development work which led to these industrial uses fostered the formation of numerous technical societies and associations, which, through their meetings and publi cations, have facilitated communication and the exchange of ideas. Over the years, there have been numerous symposia devoted to wood and the many facets of its properties and utilization. However, rarely has the emphasis in such symposia been placed upon the living tree and the changes which it undergoes in relation to its ultimate utilization. Hence the Phytochemical Society of North America arranged the symposium, "The Structure, Biosynthesis, and Degradation of Wood", held at the University of British Columbia in August, 1976. the contributions to which form the basis of the present volume.
Author: Jean-Paul Aubert
Publisher:
Published: 1988
Total Pages: 448
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis volume reviews basic research into the biochemistry and genetics of lignocellulose biodegradation; the breakdown of cellulose containing products utilizing microorganisms. This topic has received much attention of late because of possibilities for the biotechnology industry and because it is hoped that advances in the field will make a contribution to the energy crisis by utilizing biomass. However, there remains a good deal of basic research still to be done before full exploitation can be achieved.
Author: I.A. Tarchevsky
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2013-03-07
Total Pages: 329
ISBN-13: 3642754740
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe monograph is written for specialists in plant physiology and biochemistry, structural chemistry of polymers, and for specialists in agriculture and in the paper und pulp industry. It is an indispensable source of information.
Author: Anthony J. Clarke
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 1996-08-27
Total Pages: 294
ISBN-13: 9781566764148
DOWNLOAD EBOOKFROM THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE This book . . . is focused on the structure and function relationships of the four major hydrolytic enzymes, cellulases, cellobiohydrolases, b-glucosidases, and xylanases as it relates to their mechanism of action. It should be of interest to biotechnologists and industrial researchers interested in manipulating these enzymes to their full potential as catalysts for various current and new applications. It begins with an overview of the nature of cellulose and heteroxylan, followed by a description of the enzymes involved in its hydrolysis, their general structure, characteristics, and classification. Chapter 3 discusses how these various enzymes are integrated and associated for the efficient solubilization of cellulose and heteroxylan. This includes a review of the literature concerning the cellulosomes and other cellulolytic complexes. The chapter on production and purification provides an overview of this subject matter. . . . These first four chapters thus set the stage for the more comprehensive discussion of the mechanism of action of each of the primary hydrolases which follows. . . . [T]he data pertaining to the catalytic mechanism of both the retaining and inverting forms of these enzymes since such studies were initiated on cellulases . . . in 1954 is reviewed in Chapter 5. The book concludes with an overview of the mode of action of the enzymes and a discussion, citing a few examples, of how the modern methods of molecular biology, enzymology, and X-ray crystallography are being used to manipulate selected enzymes for a variety of biotechnological and industrial purposes. The information in this new book will be of value to scientists and researchers working in the areas of biochemistry, botany, crop science, ecology, microbiology and mycology, in addition to those in the forestry and forest product industries.
Author: W. B. Betts
Publisher: Springer
Published: 1991
Total Pages: 264
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Miguel Gama
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2016-04-19
Total Pages: 317
ISBN-13: 100021866X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe first book dedicated to the potential applications and unique properties of bacterial cellulose (BC), this seminal work covers the basic science, technology, and economic impact of this bulk chemical as well as the companies and patents that are driving the field. It reviews the biosynthesis and properties of BC, including genetics and characterization; discusses the advancing technology as it relates to product development, bioreactors, and production; and analyzes the economic impact of BC on a diverse range of industry applications, including materials and biomaterials, biological and polymer sciences, and electromechanical engineering.
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 2015
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKLignin, a heterogeneous aromatic polymer, is a major contributor to plant cell wall recalcitrance, which inhibits the access to cellulose and cell wall sugars which are of high industrial value. Although the lignin polymer is essential for plant growth, control of the plasticity of monolignol biosynthetic and the lignin polymerization has allowed for the engineering of plants with designer lignins. One such approach is the use of the newly isolated monolignol acyltransferases, feruloyl-CoA monolignol transferase (FMT) and p-coumaroyl-CoA monolignol transferase (PMT), to catalyze the synthesis of ester-linked monomer conjugates that, when introduced into the lignin polymer, can reduce the severity of pretreatments needed to liberate cell wall sugars. In an industrial setting, such as the production of cellulosic ethanol, these pretreatments separate the lignin from the cellulose and hemicelluloses that are rich in industrially valuable sugars. However, the value of the lignin streams is still largely underappreciated, and the growing field of lignin valorization is exploring the deconstruction, conversion, and applications of high-value aromatics from lignin. Although chemical treatment methods may be better suited to handle the heterogeneous and racemic nature of natural lignin, the study of microbial processes for lignin degradation will add value to the field. Of particular interest is the cleavage of [beta]-ether linkages, abundant in lignin, catalyzed by the glutathione-dependent [beta]-etherase enzymes LigE and LigF from Sphingobium sp. In this thesis, a structural biology approach is used to characterize the monolignol transferases FMT and PMT and the [beta]-etherases LigE and LigF. Homology models of FMT from Chinese angelica (Angelica sinensis) and both PMT and FMT from rice (Oryza sativa) confirm the expected BAHD superfamily fold expected for these enzymes, and Chapter 2 details the work aimed at crystallizing these enzymes. X-ray crystal structures of LigE and LigF, detailed in Chapter 3, show that, although the monomers maintain the glutathione-S-transferase fold of this family, drastic differences in the dimer interfaces contribute to the stereospecificity of the enzyme.
