Biomechanical Models of the Human Thoracic and Lumbar Spine
Biomechanical Models of the Human Thoracic and Lumbar Spine

Author: Maria Elizete Kunkel

Publisher: Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG

Published: 2012-04

Total Pages: 80

ISBN-13: 9783838131726

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Severe cases of scoliosis are treated using implants. The effects of different types of implants have been investigated with mathematical models with modifiable geometry. Our aim was perform a nonlinear regression analyses with anatomical data to generate prediction equations for vertebral and intervertebral disc dimensions as a function of only one given dimension measurable by X-ray, the vertebral body height. Third-order polyno-mial regressions provided moderate to high correlation between the vertebral body heights and the endplates and spinal canal; pedicle heights and the spinous process, in addition to a reasonable correlation of the posterior vertebral structures (pedicle and facet). A set of 50 equations was generated for the prediction of the spine dimensions based on the radiographic measurement of the vertebral body height. It was possible to establish useful predictions for all investigated dimensions. This is an efficient approach for obtaining anatomical data for modeling of the human thoracic and lumbar from measurement of only one parameter per vertebra without the need for direct measurement or 3D reconstructions from medical images.

Biomechanics of the Spine
Biomechanics of the Spine

Author: Fabio Galbusera

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2018-04-23

Total Pages: 458

ISBN-13: 0128128526

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Biomechanics of the Spine encompasses the basics of spine biomechanics, spinal tissues, spinal disorders and treatment methods. Organized into four parts, the first chapters explore the functional anatomy of the spine, with special emphasis on aspects which are biomechanically relevant and quite often neglected in clinical literature. The second part describes the mechanics of the individual spinal tissues, along with commonly used testing set-ups and the constitutive models used to represent them in mathematical studies. The third part covers in detail the current methods which are used in spine research: experimental testing, numerical simulation and in vivo studies (imaging and motion analysis). The last part covers the biomechanical aspects of spinal pathologies and their surgical treatment. This valuable reference is ideal for bioengineers who are involved in spine biomechanics, and spinal surgeons who are looking to broaden their biomechanical knowledge base. The contributors to this book are from the leading institutions in the world that are researching spine biomechanics. - Includes broad coverage of spine disorders and surgery with a biomechanical focus - Summarizes state-of-the-art and cutting-edge research in the field of spine biomechanics - Discusses a variety of methods, including In vivo and In vitro testing, and finite element and musculoskeletal modeling

Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace
Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2001-05-24

Total Pages: 510

ISBN-13: 0309132991

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Every year workers' low-back, hand, and arm problems lead to time away from jobs and reduce the nation's economic productivity. The connection of these problems to workplace activities-from carrying boxes to lifting patients to pounding computer keyboards-is the subject of major disagreements among workers, employers, advocacy groups, and researchers. Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. A multidisciplinary panel draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. The panel also offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of current information and for closing information gaps. This book presents the latest information on the prevalence, incidence, and costs of musculoskeletal disorders and identifies factors that influence injury reporting. It reviews the broad scope of evidence: epidemiological studies of physical and psychosocial variables, basic biology, biomechanics, and physical and behavioral responses to stress. Given the magnitude of the problem-approximately 1 million people miss some work each year-and the current trends in workplace practices, this volume will be a must for advocates for workplace health, policy makers, employers, employees, medical professionals, engineers, lawyers, and labor officials.

A Three Dimensional Finite Element Model to Study the Biomechanical and Kinematic Characteristics of the Human Lumbar Spine in Flexion
A Three Dimensional Finite Element Model to Study the Biomechanical and Kinematic Characteristics of the Human Lumbar Spine in Flexion

Author: Dhruv Jitesh Mehta

Publisher:

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 71

ISBN-13:

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The aim of the research was to develop a three-dimensional finite element model to study the biomechanical and kinematic characteristics of the human lumbar spine in flexion. An analytical model of the lumbar spine capable of taking into consideration the actual geometry, non-linear material properties and realistic loading would be of benefit in studying normal biomechanics, as well as in-vivo behavior in injured and surgically altered spines. Fundamental to this approach is an accurate model of the spine. This was achieved by modeling the lumbar segments L2-L4 from Computed Tomography (CT) data and analyzing them under loading conditions that best approximated the human lumbar segments in flexion. An in-vitro study was performed for validation of the finite element model. Human lumbar cadaveric spinal segments (L2-L4) were loaded based on test conditions similar to those defined in the finite element analysis. The results of the cadaver biomechanical study and finite element analysis were compared. The results suggest that the model is a valid approach to assessing the range of motion of the L3 segment under flexion. Rotation under lateral bending moments was additionally investigated to provide a thorough validation of the model.

Clinical Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum
Clinical Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum

Author: Nikolai Bogduk

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2005-01-01

Total Pages: 262

ISBN-13: 0443101191

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Bogduk aims to provide a foundation of knowledge upon which an understanding of the various treatment and therapy techniques of the different specialities involved can be built. This edition includes discussion of the sacrum and sacro-iliac joint.