Homer's Odyssey and the Near East

Homer's Odyssey and the Near East

Author: Bruce Louden

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2011-01-06

Total Pages: 365

ISBN-13: 1139494902

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The Odyssey's larger plot is composed of a number of distinct genres of myth, all of which are extant in various Near Eastern cultures (Mesopotamian, West Semitic, and Egyptian). Unexpectedly, the Near Eastern culture with which the Odyssey has the most parallels is the Old Testament. Consideration of how much of the Odyssey focuses on non-heroic episodes - hosts receiving guests, a king disguised as a beggar, recognition scenes between long-separated family members - reaffirms the Odyssey's parallels with the Bible. In particular the book argues that the Odyssey is in a dialogic relationship with Genesis, which features the same three types of myth that comprise the majority of the Odyssey: theoxeny, romance (Joseph in Egypt), and Argonautic myth (Jacob winning Rachel from Laban). The Odyssey also offers intriguing parallels to the Book of Jonah, and Odysseus' treatment by the suitors offers close parallels to the Gospels' depiction of Christ in Jerusalem.


The Return of Ulysses

The Return of Ulysses

Author: Edith Hall

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2008-01-30

Total Pages: 306

ISBN-13: 0857718304

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Whether they focus on the bewitching song of the Sirens, his cunning escape from the cave of the terrifying one-eyed Cyclops, or the vengeful slaying of the suitors of his beautiful wife Penelope, the stirring adventures of Ulysses/Odysseus are amongst the most durable in human culture. The picaresque return of the wandering pirate-king is one of the most popular texts of all time, crossing East-West divides and inspiring poets and film-makers worldwide. But why, over three thousand years, has the Odyssey's appeal proved so remarkably resilient and long-lasting? In her much-praised book Edith Hall explains the enduring fascination of Homer's epic in terms of its extraordinary susceptibility to adaptation. Not only has the story reflected a myriad of different agendas, but - from the tragedies of classical Athens to modern detective fiction, film, travelogue and opera - it has seemed perhaps uniquely fertile in generating new artistic forms. Cultural texts as diverse as Joyce's Ulysses, Suzanne Vega's Calypso, Monteverdi's Il Ritorno d'Ulisse in Patria, the Coen Brothers' O Brother Where Art Thou?, Daniel Vigne's Le Retour de Martin Guerre and Anthony Minghella's Cold Mountain all show that Odysseus is truly a versatile hero. His travels across the wine-dark Aegean are journeys not just into the mind of one of the most brilliantly creative of all the ancient Greek writers. They are as much a voyage beyond the boundaries of a narrative which can plausibly lay claim to being the quintessential global phenomenon.


Defining Greek Narrative

Defining Greek Narrative

Author: Douglas Cairns

Publisher: Edinburgh University Press

Published: 2014-03-24

Total Pages: 392

ISBN-13: 074868011X

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An examination of what is distinct, what is shared and what is universal in Greek narrative traditions of a wide range of ancient Greek literary genres.


The Stranger's Welcome

The Stranger's Welcome

Author: Steve Reece

Publisher: University of Michigan Press

Published: 1992-12-31

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 9780472103867

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For more than two millennia, Homer's poetry has stirred the imagination of its readers. Originally recited by traveling bards, these poems are exceptionally rich in conventional elements that helped the poets remember works thousands of lines long. As dynamic ingredients of oral poetry, these elements have accrued deep meaning, and for a well-informed audience they call significant associations to mind. In The Stranger's Welcome, Steve Reece treats eighteen "hospitality" scenes in the Iliad, the Odyssey, and the Homeric Hymns and reveals key aspects and standard elements of such scenes. Further, he demonstrates how Homeric listeners might comprehend the new and innovative by relying on their knowledge of the conventional and familiar. This tension between conventional and innovative, between the traditional background and the individual performance, distinguishes the aesthetics of Homeric poetry. Of interest to students and scholars of oral poetry, folklore, Homeric literature, and Greek literature in general, The Stranger's Welcome offers a practical approach whereby a reading audience may understand a hearing one.


The Classical Tradition

The Classical Tradition

Author: Anthony Grafton

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2010-10-25

Total Pages: 1188

ISBN-13: 9780674035720

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The legacy of ancient Greece and Rome has been imitated, resisted, misunderstood, and reworked by every culture that followed. In this volume, some five hundred articles by a wide range of scholars investigate the afterlife of this rich heritage in the fields of literature, philosophy, art, architecture, history, politics, religion, and science.


The Ancient Mediterranean Sea in Modern Visual and Performing Arts

The Ancient Mediterranean Sea in Modern Visual and Performing Arts

Author: Rosario Rovira Guardiola

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2017-12-14

Total Pages: 345

ISBN-13: 1474298605

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When thinking about the Mediterranean, Fernand Braudel's haunting words resound like an echo of the sea and its millenary history. From Prehistory until today, the Mediterranean has been setting, witness and protagonist of mythical adventures, of encounters with the Other, of battles and the rise and fall of cultures and empires, of the destinies of humans. Braudel's appeal for a long durée history of the Mediterranean challenged traditional views that often present it as a sea fragmented and divided through periods. This volume proposes a journey into the bright and dark sides of the ancient Mediterranean through the kaleidoscopic gaze of artists who from the Renaissance to the 21st century have been inspired by its myths and history. The view of those who imagined and recreated the past of the sea has largely contributed to the shaping of modern cultures which are inexorably rooted and embedded in Mediterranean traditions. The contributions look at modern visual reinterpretations of ancient myths, fiction and history and pay particular attention to the theme of sea travel and travellers, which since Homer's Odyssey has become the epitome of the discovery of new worlds, of cultural exchanges and a metaphor of personal developments and metamorphoses.


Odysseus, Hero of Practical Intelligence

Odysseus, Hero of Practical Intelligence

Author: Jeffrey Barnouw

Publisher: University Press of America

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 394

ISBN-13: 9780761830269

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In dramatic representations and narrative reports of inner deliberation the Odyssey displays the workings of the human mind and its hero's practical intelligence, epitomized by anticipating consequences and controlling his actions accordingly. Once his hope of returning home as husband, father and king is renewed on Calypso's isle, Odysseus shows a consistent will to focus on this purpose and subordinate other impulses to it. His fabled cleverness is now fully engaged in a gradually emerging plan, as he thinks back from that final goal through a network of means to achieve it. He relies on "signs"--inferences in the form "if this, then that" as defined by the Stoic Chrysippus--and the nature of his intelligence is thematically underscored through contrast with others' recklessness, that is, failure to heed signs or reckon consequences. In Homeric deliberation, the mind is torn between competing options or intentions, not between "reason" and "desire." The lack of distinct opposing faculties and hierarchical organization in the Homeric mind, far from archaic simplicity, prefigures the psychology of Chrysippus, who cites deliberation scenes from the Odyssey against Plato's hierarchical tri-partite model. From the Stoics, there follows a psychological tradition leading through Hobbes and Leibniz, to Peirce and Dewey. These thinkers are drawn upon to show the significance of the conception of "thinking" first articulated in the Odyssey. Homer's work inaugurates an approach that has provoked philosophical conflict persisting into the present, and opposition to pragmatism and Pragmatism can be discerned in prominent critiques of Homer and his hero which are analyzed and countered in this study.