In order to improve the resiliency of the grid and to enable integration of renewable energy sources into the grid, the utilization of battery systems to store energy for later demand is of the utmost importance. The implementation of grid-scale electrical energy storage systems can aid in peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, as well as emergency power supply. Although the predominant battery chemistry currently used is Li-ion; due to cost, safety and sourcing concerns, incorporation of other battery technologies is of interest for expanding the breadth and depth of battery storage system installations. This Element discusses existing technologies beyond Li-ion battery storage chemistries that have seen grid-scale deployment, as well as several other promising battery technologies, and analyzes their chemistry mechanisms, battery construction and design, and corresponding advantages and disadvantages.
This book focusses on the current research on materials for advanced battery technologies and proposes future directions for different types of batteries to meet the current challenges associated with the fuel cell. Furthermore, it provides insights into scientific and practical issues in the development of various batteries like sodium, potassium, zinc, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, and dual metal ion, to bring a new perspective to storage technologies beyond lithium-ion batteries. It introduces different themes of batteries to evaluate the opportunities and challenges of these battery systems from a commercial aspect. Key features: Deals with different potential rechargeable battery systems as suitable substitutes for LIBs Discusses different investigated materials as anode, cathode, and electrolytes for different energy storage systems Provides a complete and comprehensive review of all the existing metal-ion batteries Includes practical challenges and future opportunities of each battery category Reviews commercial aspects of different battery systems This book is aimed at researchers, graduate students, and professionals in industrial and applied chemistry, renewable energy, clean and sustainable processes, chemical engineering, materials science, nanotechnology, and battery chemistry.
Since the 90s, the Li-ion batteries are the most commonly used energy storage systems. The demand for performance and safety is constantly growing, current commercial batteries based liquid electrolytes or gels may not be able to meet the needs of emerging applications such as for electric and hybrid vehicles and renewable energy storage , and it is therefore necessary to develop advanced storage systems with characteristics such that the highest density of energy technology, long life, low cost of production, little or no maintenance and high safety of use. Batteries "all solid" are a technology of choice to meet these requirements. In this technology, the electrolyte separator between the two electrodes is no longer a liquid medium but a solid.
This handbook serves as a guide to deploying battery energy storage technologies, specifically for distributed energy resources and flexibility resources. Battery energy storage technology is the most promising, rapidly developed technology as it provides higher efficiency and ease of control. With energy transition through decarbonization and decentralization, energy storage plays a significant role to enhance grid efficiency by alleviating volatility from demand and supply. Energy storage also contributes to the grid integration of renewable energy and promotion of microgrid.
The Li-ion battery is one of the best rechargeable energy storage techniques due to its exceptional high energy density and long cycle life. It has dominated the portable electronic industry for the past 20 years and is going to be applied for large scale energy storage. However, concerns over limited lithium reserve and rising lithium costs have arisen, therefore Na-ion batteries are being considered as the alternative for grid storages. In this thesis, Na2Ti3O7 is first investigated as anode materials for Na-ion batteries. By carbon coating, the cyclability and coulombic efficiency are significantly enhanced for Na2Ti3O7. The self-relaxation behaviour for fully intercalated phase, Na4Ti3O7, is shown for the first time, which results from structural instability as suggested by first principles calculation. Another SnS2-reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) composite material is investigated as an advanced anode material for Na-ion batteries, which can deliver a reversible capacity of 630 mAh g-1 with negligible capacity loss and exhibits superb rate performance. The energy storage mechanism of it and the critical mechanistic role of rGO are revealed in detail. On the cathode side, we introduce a novel layered oxide cathode material, Na0.78Ni0.23Mn0.69O2. This new compound provides remarkable rate and cycling performances owning to the elimination of the P2-O2 phase transition upon Na deintercalation. The first charge process yields an abnormally excess capacity which has yet to be observed in any other P2 layered oxides. It is proposed that part of the charge compensation mechanism during the first cycle takes place at the lattice oxygen site, resulting in a surface to bulk transition metal gradient. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is known to improve the cycling performance, coulombic efficiency of batteries, and maintain electrode integrity for LIBs. Therefore we examine carefully the effect of Al2O3 ALD coating to P2 electrode materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to elucidate the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on ALD coated electrodes, which clearly reveal the effectiveness of the ALD coating. We believe that by optimizing and controlling the materials surface, Na layered oxide material with higher capacities can be designed.
Rechargeable Ion Batteries Highly informative and comprehensive resource providing knowledge on underlying concepts, materials, ongoing developments and the many applications of ion-based batteries Rechargeable Ion Batteries explores the concepts and the design of rechargeable ion batteries, including their materials chemistries, applications, stability, and novel developments. Focus is given on state-of-the-art Li-based batteries used for portable electronics and electric vehicles, while other emerging ion-battery technologies are also introduced. The text addresses innovative approaches by reviewing nanostructured anodes and cathodes that pave new ways for enhancing the electrochemical performance. The first three chapters are dedicated to the general concepts of electrochemical cells, enabling readers to understand all necessary concepts for batteries from a single book. The following chapter covers the exciting applications of lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, while the subsequent chapters on Li-battery components include new types of anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes that have been developed recently, complemented by an overview of designing mechanically stable ion-battery systems. The last three chapters summarize recent progress in lithium-sulfur, sodium-ion, magnesium-ion and zinc and emerging ion-battery technologies. In Rechargeable Ion Batteries, readers can expect to find specific information on: Electrochemical cells, primary batteries, secondary batteries, recycling of batteries, applications of lithium and sodium batteries Next-generation cathodes, anodes and electrolytes for secondary lithium-ion batteries, which allow for improved performance and safety Multiphysics modeling for predicting design criteria for next generation ion-insertion electrodes Developments in lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and future ion-battery technologies Rechargeable Ion Batteries provides informative and comprehensive coverage of the subject to interested researchers, academics, and professionals in various fields, including materials science, electrochemistry, physical chemistry, mechanics, engineering, recycling and industry including the battery manufacturers and supply chain ancillaries, automotive, aerospace, and marine sectors, energy storage installers and environmental stakeholders. Readers can easily acquire a base of knowledge on the subject while understanding future developments in the field.
