Benefits Assessment

Benefits Assessment

Author: J.D. Bentkover

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 245

ISBN-13: 9400945248

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In recent years there has been substantial interest in benefits assessment methods, especially as these methods are used to assess health, safety, and environmental issues. At least part of this interest can be traced to Executive Order 12291, issued by President Ronald Reagan in 1981. This Executive Order requires Federal agencies to perform benefits assessments of pro posed major regulations and prohibits them from taking regulatory action unless potential benefits exceed potential costs to society. Heightened interest in benefits assessment methods has in tum given rise to greater recognition of the inherent difficulties in performing such assess ments. For example, many benefits that are intuitively felt to be most important are also among the most difficult to measure. It can be difficult to identify the full range of both benefits and costs. The choice of an appro priate discount rate for comparing benefits and costs over time is proble matic. Even when benefits are quantifiable in principle and agreement can be reached on their valuation, required d,ata may not be available. Thus considerable uncertainty is built into most benefit estimates, even when they are based on the best available data. In light of the complexities and difficulties associated with the perform ance of a benefits assessment, this book reviews the current state of theoretical and methodological knowledge in the field. The review is extensive in that it covers over fifty years of research, theoretical develop ment, and practice.


The Power of Assessment for Learning

The Power of Assessment for Learning

Author: Margaret Heritage

Publisher: Corwin

Published: 2019-11-15

Total Pages: 145

ISBN-13: 1544394217

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The future of Assessment for Learning 20 years after Inside the Black Box Twenty years after the publication of Inside the Black Box, the landmark review of formative classroom assessment, international education experts Christine Harrison and Margaret Heritage tackle assessment for learning (AfL) anew, with fresh insights gained from two decades of research, theory, and classroom practice. The Power of Assessment for Learning: Twenty Years of Research and Practice in UK & US Classrooms examines the practices and processes of formative assessment over time in both countries, evaluates the benefits accrued to teaching and learning, and considers future developments in growing and sustaining AfL practice. It features: Key AfL ideas, approaches, and supports Vignettes of classroom practice that illustrate AfL in action in the U.K. and U.S. Practice-based evidence to enrich understanding of AfL from both the teacher’s and the student’s perspective Focused on student-centeredness and rich with classroom examples, this book is a ‘sounding board’ for educators to explore and reflect on their own AfL practices and beliefs.


Benefit-Risk Assessment Methods in Medical Product Development

Benefit-Risk Assessment Methods in Medical Product Development

Author: Qi Jiang

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2017-12-19

Total Pages: 208

ISBN-13: 1315355019

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Guides You on the Development and Implementation of B–R Evaluations Benefit–Risk Assessment Methods in Medical Product Development: Bridging Qualitative and Quantitative Assessments provides general guidance and case studies to aid practitioners in selecting specific benefit–risk (B–R) frameworks and quantitative methods. Leading experts from industry, regulatory agencies, and academia present practical examples, lessons learned, and best practices that illustrate how to conduct structured B–R assessment in clinical development and regulatory submission. The first section of the book discusses the role of B–R assessments in medicine development and regulation, the need for both a common B–R framework and patient input into B–R decisions, and future directions. The second section focuses on legislative and regulatory policy initiatives as well as decisions made at the U.S. FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health. The third section examines key elements of B–R evaluations in a product’s life cycle, such as uncertainty evaluation and quantification, quantifying patient B–R trade-off preferences, ways to identify subgroups with the best B–R profiles, and data sources used to assist B–R assessment. The fourth section equips practitioners with tools to conduct B–R evaluations, including assessment methodologies, a quantitative joint modeling and joint evaluation framework, and several visualization tools. The final section presents a rich collection of case studies. With top specialists sharing their in-depth knowledge, thought-provoking considerations, and practical advice, this book offers comprehensive coverage of B–R evaluation methods, tools, and case studies. It gives practitioners a much-needed toolkit to develop and conduct their own B–R evaluations.


Benefit-Risk Assessment of Medicines

Benefit-Risk Assessment of Medicines

Author: James Leong

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-04-21

Total Pages: 326

ISBN-13: 3319158058

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This book proposes and investigates a universal framework, and accompanying documentation system, to facilitate and catalogue benefit-risk decisions; a valuable addition to the benefit-risk toolbox. Over the past decade, pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies have been reviewing the benefit-risk assessment of medicines with a view to developing a structured, systematic, standardized approach. Examining the evaluation of such an approach by several mature regulatory authorities ensures that the reader gains a unique insight into the ongoing debate in this area. The field of benefit-risk assessment continues to evolve at a rapid pace due to political and societal pressure, as is reflected in the recent FDA PUDFA agreement as well as in the EMA 2015 Roadmap. Rather than provide a comprehensive snap-shot of this constantly changing environment, this book evaluates selected current approaches to benefit-risk assessment. The strengths and weaknesses of publicly available documents in communicating benefit-risk decisions to stakeholders are reviewed and these evaluations are used to inform development of a prospective framework that could be used to harmonise procedures globally.


Seven Myths About Education

Seven Myths About Education

Author: Daisy Christodoulou

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-03-14

Total Pages: 149

ISBN-13: 1317753410

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In this controversial new book, Daisy Christodoulou offers a thought-provoking critique of educational orthodoxy. Drawing on her recent experience of teaching in challenging schools, she shows through a wide range of examples and case studies just how much classroom practice contradicts basic scientific principles. She examines seven widely-held beliefs which are holding back pupils and teachers: Facts prevent understanding Teacher-led instruction is passive The 21st century fundamentally changes everything You can always just look it up We should teach transferable skills Projects and activities are the best way to learn Teaching knowledge is indoctrination In each accessible and engaging chapter, Christodoulou sets out the theory of each myth, considers its practical implications and shows the worrying prevalence of such practice. Then, she explains exactly why it is a myth, with reference to the principles of modern cognitive science. She builds a powerful case explaining how governments and educational organisations around the world have let down teachers and pupils by promoting and even mandating evidence-less theory and bad practice. This blisteringly incisive and urgent text is essential reading for all teachers, teacher training students, policy makers, head teachers, researchers and academics around the world.


Architecture Sourcebook Vol. 3: Architecture Based Assessments

Architecture Sourcebook Vol. 3: Architecture Based Assessments

Author: Charles Babers

Publisher: Lulu.com

Published: 2007-01-01

Total Pages: 464

ISBN-13: 1430306750

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The purpose of this volume is to present a framework for incorporating architecture based DOTMLPF assessments into the JCIDS and DoD acquisition processes. It presents a recommended set of assessments across the seven domains, describing the information and data needed to conduct each assessment, the standard architecture products that may contain the required information and data, the expected output of the assessment, and the general nature of the assessment (i.e., Objective or Subjective). The presentation is not meant to be inclusive of all potential DOTMLPF or architecture related assessments that may be performed as a part of the JCIDS process. Rather, it is meant to generate discussion and thought, leading to further refinement and development of the ideas and concepts presented.