Assessing Implementation of Environmental Provisions in Regional Trade Agreements
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Published: 2018
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Published: 2018
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DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Clive George
Publisher:
Published: 2018
Total Pages: 41
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKCountries increasingly use trade agreements to co-operate on environmental matters by including environmental provisions or entire environment chapters in regional trade agreements (RTAs). Some countries also adopt environmental side agreements in addition to their trade pacts. While adopting environmental provisions in RTAs is an important step towards promoting environmental protection on an international scale, the success of such measures depends on how governments implement the environmental provisions contained within their trade agreements. This report assesses the progress of the implementation of environmental provisions in RTAs. It focuses on the extent to which governments have complied with the environmental commitments made in the trade agreements to which they are a Party. The report takes a two track approach. First, a review of implementation and evaluation reports associated with environmental provisions in such agreements is performed. Second, a survey of government officials, trade negotiators and other experts is carried out. The exercise reveals a considerable lack of knowledge on the implementation of environmental provisions in RTAs. Nevertheless, the results highlight that good progress has been made in implementing environmental provisions in some RTAs. In particular, the United States and the European Union have made significant steps towards setting what may be regarded as a benchmark for monitoring and reporting on the implementation of environmental provisions in RTAs. While countries with a less stringent political mandate may find it harder to obtain the necessary resources to follow these examples, all countries that promote the inclusion of environmental provisions in RTAs could benefit from strengthening their processes of monitoring, reporting and review as far as they reasonably can. In this regard, further analysis and discussion is necessary on how the process of monitoring, reporting and review can be developed.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2007-06-12
Total Pages: 234
ISBN-13: 926400680X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis study provides an overview of approaches to environmental issues in RTAs and summarises country experiences in their negotiation and practical application.
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Published: 2011
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Published: 2011
Total Pages: 27
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DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Inmaculada MartÃnez-Zarzoso
Publisher:
Published: 2018
Total Pages: 47
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKWhile governments increasingly commit to incorporating environmental objectives in Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), the evidence on the impact of including environmental provisions in RTAs on environmental outcomes is still very scarce. Only a few studies are known to address the relationship between RTAs and environmental quality to date. In this context, this report aims to test whether the inclusion of environmental provisions in RTAs has contributed to the improvement of environmental quality among the Parties to these agreements through empirical modelling and analysis. Three indicators are considered as a proxy for environmental quality: concentrations of suspended particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx). The analysis identifies a statistically significant and positive relationship between membership in RTAs, either with or without environmental provisions, and improved environmental quality for two out of three pollutants investigated. However, the extent to which RTAs with environmental provisions makes an additional difference on emissions in comparison to those without environmental provisions could not be concluded with enough statistical certainty under the current empirical framework. While the analysis faces a number of challenges such as: (i) correctly measuring the environmental end points; (ii) separating the impact of RTAs from other factors; and (iii) potential endogeneity and reverse causality issues, future analysis could benefit from better information on the channels of effects and the further developed environmental indicators on both policy and output.
Author: Ole Kristian Fauchald
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
Published: 1998
Total Pages: 140
ISBN-13: 9789289302104
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis work provides strategies for integrating environmental concerns into the negotiating process when multilateral trade and investment agreements are being negotiated. It also addresses unresolved questions about establishing a procedure for introducing these concerns into negotiations.
Author: Clara Brandi
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2023-12-21
Total Pages: 180
ISBN-13: 1009461850
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe mushrooming of trade agreements and their interlinkages with environmental governance calls for new research on the trade and environment interface. The more than 700 existing preferential trade agreements (PTAs) include ever more diverse and far-reaching environmental provisions. While missed opportunities remain and harmful provisions persist, numerous environmental provisions in PTAs entail promising potential. They promote the implementation of environmental treaties and cover numerous environmental issues. New concepts, data, and methods, including detailed content analysis across multiple institutions, are needed to explain these interlinkages and understand whether and how PTAs with environmental provisions can contribute to tackling global environmental challenges. Making use of the most extensive coding of environmental provisions in PTAs to date and combining quantitative data with qualitative analyses, this Element provides a comprehensive yet fine-grained picture of the drivers and effects of environmental provisions in PTAs. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
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Published: 2008
Total Pages: 20
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DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: D. Colyer
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2011-08-09
Total Pages: 312
ISBN-13: 0230346812
DOWNLOAD EBOOKGreen Trade Agreements reviews and analyses the environmental provisions that have become an important characteristic of the growing number of bilateral and regional free trade agreements. This book examines the range of approaches to these environmental provisions, evaluates their effectiveness and suggests potential improvements to the process.