The Underground Economy

The Underground Economy

Author: Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.)

Publisher: The Fraser Institute

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 122

ISBN-13: 0889751692

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From the back cover: The papers in this ground breaking book constitute a unique collection of information about the underground economy and how it is manifested in a variety of countries. Section One attempts to measure Canada's underground economic activity and provides a specific estimate of the impact that tax changes have on its size. It also looks at the problems of tax evasion and tax avoidance. Section Two deals with the size of the underground substance economy, the legal aspects of tlhe underground economy in the United States, and an asseeement of the economic activities of the Mafia. Section Three analyzes the underground economy abroad, specifically in the United States, Britain, Mexico, Peru, Chile, Russia and China. The fourth section returns to Canada and examines some policy implications of the underground economy. A survey detailed in Section One shows that a majority of Canadians believe that they do not receive enough benefits for the taxation they pay. Section Four offers a solution to the problem of tax evasion and underground economic activity; the adoption of user fees and user taxes.


Arctic Human Development Report

Arctic Human Development Report

Author: Joan Nymand Larsen

Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers

Published: 2015-02-18

Total Pages: 507

ISBN-13: 9289338830

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The goals of the second volume of the AHDR – Arctic Human Development Report: Regional Processes and Global Linkages – are to provide an update to the first AHDR (2004) in terms of an assessment of the state of Arctic human development; to highlight the major trends and changes unfolding related to the various issues and thematic areas of human development in the Arctic over the past decade; and, based on this assessment, to identify policy relevant conclusions and key gaps in knowledge, new and emerging Arctic success stories. The production of AHDR-II on the tenth anniversary of the first AHDR makes it possible to move beyond the baseline assessment to make valuable comparisons and contrasts across a decade of persistent and rapid change in the North. It addresses critical issues and emerging challenges in Arctic living conditions, quality of life in the North, global change impacts and adaptation, and Indigenous livelihoods. The assessment contributes to our understanding of the interplay and consequences of physical and social change processes affecting Arctic residents’ quality of life, at both the regional and global scales. It shows that the Arctic is not a homogenous region. Impacts of globalization and environmental change differ within and between regions, between Indigenous and non-Indigenous northerners, between genders and along other axes.


Canada's Third National Report on Climate Change

Canada's Third National Report on Climate Change

Author: Canada

Publisher: Canadian Museum of Civilization/Musee Canadien Des Civilisations

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13:

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This report begins with an overview of climate change and Canada's commitments under the Framework Convention on Climate Change, then reviews national characteristics affecting greenhouse gas emissions, the national greenhouse gas inventory, and policies & measures under the National Action Program on Climate Change. This is followed by chapters covering: a national projection of greenhouse gas emissions to 2020; possible impacts of climate change on Canada, including implications for water resources, health, agriculture, and forestry, as well as Canadian initiatives regarding adaptation to climate change; financial assistance & technology transfer activities related to climate change, including international initiatives; research & monitoring activities related to climate change; and education, training, & public awareness initiatives. Appendices include summaries of federal & provincial/territorial policies & measures affecting greenhouse gas emissions, by sector.


Canada's Relationship with Inuit

Canada's Relationship with Inuit

Author: Sarah Bonesteel

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13:

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Inuit have lived in Canada's north since time immemorial. The Canadian government's administration of Inuit affairs, however, has been generally shorter and is less well understood than the federal government's relations with First Nations and Métis. We hope to correct some of this knowledge imbalance by providing an overview of the federal government's Inuit policy and program development from first contact to 2006. Topics that are covered by this book include the 1939 Re Eskimo decision that gave Canada constitutional responsibility for Inuit, post World War II acculturation and defence projects, law and justice, sovereignty and relocations, the E-number identification system, Inuit political organizations, comprehensive claim agreements, housing, healthcare, education, economic development, self-government, the environment and urban issues. In order to develop meaningful forward-looking policy, it is essential to understand what has come before and how we got to where we are. We believe that this book will be a valuable contribution to a growing body of knowledge about Canada-Inuit relations, and will be an indispensable resource to all students of federal Inuit and northern policy development.


The Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide

The Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide

Author: International Development Research Centre (Canada)

Publisher: IDRC

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 242

ISBN-13: 0889368015

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Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide: An introduction to sustainable development planning


Energy from Gas Hydrates: Assessing the Opportunities and Challenges for Canada

Energy from Gas Hydrates: Assessing the Opportunities and Challenges for Canada

Author: The Expert Panel on Gas Hydrates

Publisher: Council of CanadianAcademies

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 222

ISBN-13: 1926558022

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Page 1 ENERGY FROM GAS HYDRATES: ASSESSING THE OPPORTUNITIES & CHALLENGES FOR CANADA The Expert Panel on Gas Hydrates Council of Canadian Academies Science Advice in the Public Interest Conseil des académies canadiennes EnErgy from gas HydratEs - assEssing tHE opportunitiEs and CHallEngEs for Canada Report of the Expert Panel on Gas Hydrates iv Energy from Gas Hydrates tHE CounCil of Canadian aCad [...] Engineering and the RSC: The Academies of. [...] The reviewers assessed the objectivity and quality of. [...] Gas Hydrate Basics - Introduction to the Science and Occurrence of. [...] Energy from Gas Hydrates 3 ovErviEW of gas HydratEs - a primEr on tHE ContEXt The gas held in naturally occurring gas hydrate is generated by microbial or thermal alteration of.


Mining Royalties

Mining Royalties

Author: James Otto

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 328

ISBN-13:

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This book discusses the history of royalties and the types currently in use, covering issues such as tax administration, revenue distribution and reporting. It identifies the strengths and weaknesses of various royalty approaches and their impact on production decisions and mine economics. A section on governance looks at the management of mining revenue by governments and the need for transparency. There is an attached CD with examples of royalty legislation from over 40 countries.


Global Perspectives on Recognising Non-formal and Informal Learning

Global Perspectives on Recognising Non-formal and Informal Learning

Author: Madhu Singh

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-06-05

Total Pages: 237

ISBN-13: 3319152785

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This book deals with the relevance of recognition and validation of non-formal and informal learning education and training, the workplace and society. In an increasing number of countries, it is at the top of the policy and research agenda ranking among the possible ways to redress the glaring lack of relevant academic and vocational qualifications and to promote the development of competences and certification procedures which recognise different types of learning, including formal, non-formal and informal learning. The aim of the book is therefore to present and share experience, expertise and lessons in such a way that enables its effective and immediate use across the full spectrum of country contexts, whether in the developing or developed world. It examines the importance of meeting institutional and political requirements that give genuine value to the recognition of non-formal and informal learning; it shows why recognition is important and clarifies its usefulness and the role it serves in education, working life and voluntary work; it emphasises the importance of the coordination, interests, motivations, trust and acceptance by all stakeholders. The volume is also premised on an understanding of a learning society, in which all social and cultural groups, irrespective of gender, race, social class, ethnicity, mental health difficulties are entitled to quality learning throughout their lives. Overall the thrust is to see the importance of recognising non-formal and informal learning as part of the larger movement for re-directing education and training for change. This change is one that builds on an equitable society and economy and on sustainable development principles and values such as respect for others, respect for difference and diversity, exploration and dialogue.