Anemia in the elderly has been properly defined as the silent epidemic, representing 3 million people in the United States aged 65 years and older. Incidence and prevalence of this condition increase with age. It differs in its etiology, pathogenesis and treatment from anemia in children and younger adults. Anemia is associated with reduced survival, increased risk of functional dependence and hospitalization, increased risk of congestive heart failure and stage renal disease and cognitive disorders. Approximately 70% of anemia in older individuals is reversible.
Anemia in the elderly, known as the silent epidemic, afflicts 3 million people in the U.S. ages 65 or older. This reference, complete with the most recent findings, answers all the crucial questions regarding anemia in the elderly.
This book deals with a very common condition, anemia, which might interest not only the physicians but also other healthcare professionals and researchers dealing with anemic patients. The objective of this book was to collect and compile up-to-date information from reputable researchers of different countries of the world to disseminate the latest information about the common types of anemia in some specific physiological and pathological conditions including pathophysiology and the use of algorithms as a tool to minimize the laboratory tests and accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause. In total, there are 13 chapters in this book where the authors shared their research findings and real-life experiences in managing their patients with anemia.
Investigations of nutritional anemias of pregnancy made by WHO in India, Israel, Mexico, Poland and Venezuela have shown that the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women ranges from 21% to 80%. Iron deficiency was present in 40-99% of these women and has been responsible for the major occurrences of anemia. Studies on the absorption of iron from various foods indicated that it is necessary to express dietary iron intake in terms of both total iron intake and its absorbability. Loss of body iron occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, urine, sweat, by exfoliation of skin, and through blood loss attributed to parasitic infection. The optimum dietary requirements of iron when absorbed cover physiological losses and conditions such as growth and pregnancy. The total iron demanded during pregnancy is about 900 mg of which 200 mg is lost during and immediately following delivery. The iron requirement increases greatly during pregnancy and since the high requirment during the last trimester cannot be met from consumed food, the diet must be supplemented by administration of medicinal iron. The strengthening of education programs for mothers, sanitary measures particularly in rural areas, the supplementing of foods with iron by enriching wheat flour and baby foods, the supplementing of medicinal iron during pregnancy, the daily administration of small amounts of iron to schoolchildren and further studies on nutritional anemias are all means of changing the present nutritional status.
Thoroughly revised and updated, ABC of Clinical Haematology is an essential guide and introduction to clinical haematology and to the treatment and management of common blood related disorders. The fourth edition contains new chapters that reflect the most recent developments whilst other chapters have been extensively revised to include the new tests and treatments that are now available for certain conditions such as chronic leukaemia, multiple myeloma and bleeding disorders. With contributions from leading experts in their respective fields, this text provides an ideal reference for primary care practitioners and other healthcare professionals working with patients who have blood related problems.
The developed world has an increasingly aging population, with approximately 10% of the population aged over 65 years. As the incidence and prevalence of blood disorders increases with age, these conditions are a heavy burden on healthcare systems. Blood Disorders in the Elderly will provide hematologists, geriatricians and all clinicians involved in the care of patients with blood disorders with clear clinical advice on the diagnosis and management of these conditions. The introductory section reviews epidemiology of aging and anemia and provides a comprehensive approach to the management of cancer in the aging patient. This is followed by a full discussion of hemopoiesis and changes it undergoes in aging. The remaining sections cover the diagnosis and management of all major disorders: anemia, malignancy, coagulation and platelet disorders and hemophilia. A detailed chapter on antithrombotic therapies is also included.
This text provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of anemia in the young and old. The first section of the volume features age-specific diagnostic approaches to anemia, from the perinatal period to the elderly, with a particular emphasis on age-specific epidemiology, differential diagnosis, and testing. The second section focuses on specific anemia disorders, including inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, iron deficiency anemia, renal anemia, pure red cell anemia, and anemia of inflammation and chronic disease. Each chapter in this section revolves around a specific syndrome or group of syndromes, and addresses pathophysiology, diagnostic issues, natural history/prognosis, and treatment. Written by experts in the field, Anemia in the Young and Old: Diagnosis and Management is a valuable resource for clinicians and practitioners who treat the pediatric and elderly patient population afflicted with anemia.
Geriatric is a topic of great interest in medicine and among the general public. Population aging is an inevitable and irreversible demographic reality that is associated with welcome improvements in health care. The increase in life expectancy has led the very old to become the fastest-growing segment. The geriatric population experiences significant alterations of numerous organ systems as a result of the aging process. Normally, functional reserve and organ functions are declined in geriatric patients. The care of geriatric patients can be complex and will be a growing task. A balance between physiological and psychological alterations is required in these patients. Geriatric patients also have several co-morbidities including hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, and renal dysfunction.
This book summarizes information related to public health measures on the prevention, detection, and management of iron deficiency anemia. It presents draft guidelines and recommendations related to this area, as applicable in primary health care and public health clinic settings, and it formulates recommendations for research. This volume is intended both to provide a common frame of reference for health professionals in preventing and treating iron deficiency anemia and to enable the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to prepare national guidelines and recommendations for the prevention and control of iron deficiency anemia.
This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds. Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role. Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups. Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health. This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.
