The Analytical-Literal Translation of the Old Testament (Septuagint): Volume III: The Poetic Books (ALT) is a companion to the Analytical-Literal Translation of the New Testament. Both are translated by Gary F. Zeolla (www.Zeolla.org). The ALT: Old Testament is available in five volumes. Most Old Testaments are based on the Hebrew text. But this Old Testament (OT) is based on the Greek Septuagint (LXX). The LXX is a third century B.C. Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. The name and abbreviation comes from the tradition that 70 (or 72) Jewish scholars worked on its translation, six from each of the 12 tribes of Israel. The importance of the LXX is that it was THE Bible of the early Church. The purpose of the ALT is to provide a translation of the Greek Septuagint that will enable the reader to come as close to the Greek text as possible without having to be proficient in Greek.
The Analytical-Literal Translation of Bible (ALT) is translated by Gary F. Zeolla. The ALT is contained in seven volumes. They are: Volume I - The Torah (Genesis to Deuteronomy) Volume II - The Historical Books (Joshua to Esther) Volume III - The Poetic Books (Job to Song of Solomon) Volume IV - The Prophetic Books (Isaiah to Malachi) Volume V - The Apocryphal/ Deuterocanonical Books Volume VI - The New Testament Volume VII - The Apostolic Fathers The purpose of the ALT is to provide a translation of all of these books that will enable the English reader to come as close to the Greek texts as possible without having to be proficient in Greek. And the name of the ALT reflects this purpose. "Literal" refers to the fact that the ALT is a word for word translation. All words in the original text are translated-nothing is omitted. The original grammar of the text is retained as much as possible. Any words added for clarity are bracketed, so nothing is added without it being indicated as such. "Analytical" refers to the detailed "analysis" done on the grammar of the text. The grammar is then translated in a way which brings out "nuances" of the original text that are often missed in traditional translations. In addition, "analytical" refers to the aids that are included within the text which enable the reader to "analyze" and understand the text. Such information is bracketed. It includes the following: 1. Alternative translations for words and phrases. 2. Possible figurative meanings or paraphrases of words and phrases. 3. Modern-day equivalents for measurement and monetary units and time designations. 4. Explanatory notes. 5. Cross references. "Translation" refers to the conversion of the original Greek text into English. Modern-day English is used, and despite its literalness, the ALT is a relatively easy to read and understand. Versions Notes: The version of the ALT: OT published in 2023 is a corrected text, not a full new edition. Only minor corrections have been made, plus the cover and appendixes have been updated. The "Regular" paperback and hardback versions of the ALT: OT are printed on 8-1/2"x11" pages in double columns using Times New Roman 10-point font. But a Personal Size Version is also available . It is printed on 6" x 9" pages in single columns using the same font size. Many requested this smaller page size, so I am making it available. However, due to the smaller page size, the number of pages and thus the cost of the book is greater.
The Analytical-Literal Translation of the Old Testament (Septuagint): Volume II: The Historical Books (ALT) is a companion to the Analytical-Literal Translation of the New Testament. Both are translated by Gary F. Zeolla (www.Zeolla.org). The ALT: Old Testament is being published in five volumes. Most Old Testaments are based on the Hebrew text. But this Old Testament (OT) is based on the Greek Septuagint (LXX). The LXX is a third century B.C. Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. The name and abbreviation comes from the tradition that 70 (or 72) Jewish scholars worked on its translation, six from each of the 12 tribes of Israel. The importance of the LXX is that it was THE Bible of the early Church. The purpose of the ALT is to provide a translation of the Greek Septuagint that will enable the reader to come as close to the Greek text as possible without having to be proficient in Greek.
The Analytical-Literal Translation of the Old Testament (Septuagint): Volume I: The Torah (ALT) is a companion to the Analytical-Literal Translation of the New Testament. Both are translated by Gary F. Zeolla (www.Zeolla.org). The ALT: Old Testament is available in five volumes.Most Old Testaments are based on the Hebrew text. But this Old Testament (OT) is based on the Greek Septuagint (LXX). The LXX is a third century B.C. Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. The name and abbreviation comes from the tradition that 70 (or 72) Jewish scholars worked on its translation, six from each of the 12 tribes of Israel.The importance of the LXX is that it was THE Bible of the early Church.The purpose of the ALT is to provide a translation of the Greek Septuagint that will enable the reader to come as close to the Greek text as possible without having to be proficient in Greek.
The Analytical-Literal Translation of the New Testament: Devotional Version (ALTD) is derived from the Analytical-Literal Translation of the New Testament: Third Edition (ALT3). The purpose of the ALTD is to provide a translation of the Greek New Testament that will enable the reader to come as close to the Greek text as possible without having to be proficient in Greek. And the name of the ALTD reflects this purpose. "Literal" refers to the fact that the ALTD is a word for word translation. All words in the original text are translated-nothing is omitted. The original grammar of the text is retained as much as possible. Any words added for clarity are bracketed, so nothing is added without it being indicated as such. "Analytical" refers to the detailed "analysis" done on the grammar of the text. The grammar is then translated in a way which brings out "nuances" of the original text that are often missed in traditional translations. In addition, "analytical" refers to the aids that are included in 4,300 footnotes which enable the reader to "analyze" and understand the text. Such information includes the following: 1. Alternative translations for words and phrases. 2. Possible figurative meanings or paraphrases of words and phrases. 3. Modern-day equivalents for measurement and monetary units and time designations. 4. Explanatory notes. 5. References for Old Testament quotations and other cross-references. The main difference between ALTD and ALT3 is that in this version the above analytical information is footnoted, while in ALT3 such information was included within brackets within the text. That made the information readily available, but it made the text awkward to read and to quote from. By putting this information in footnotes, the ALTD is a much easier to read version. Also, on rare occasions, when the literal translation is excessively awkward or hard to understand, it is footnoted and a figurative or less literal rendering is used in the text to make the ALTD more readable. When this is done, the literal translation is footnoted. The occasions when this is done are few and far between, and with the literal translation being footnoted, the ALTD is still a very literal translation of the New Testament. With being both a literal and a readable version, the ALTD is the ideal Bible version for reading the Bible in both a "study" and a "devotional" manner. It is also ideal for public reading, quoting, or for the person new to the Bible.
Thirty-three revised and updated essays on the textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Qumran and the Septuagint, originally published between 2008 and 2014 are presented in this volume, the third volume of the author’s collected writings. All three areas have developed much in modern research, and the auhor, the past editor-in-chief of the international Dead Sea Scrolls publication project, is a major speaker in all of them. The scrolls are of central importance in the modern textual research and this aspect is well represented in this volume. Among the studies included in this volume are central studies on coincidence, consistency, the Torah, the nature of the MT and SP, the diffusion of manuscripts, and the LXX of Genesis. The previous two volumes are: The Greek and Hebrew Bible: Collected Essays on the Septuagint (VTS 72; Leiden: Brill, 1999). Hebrew Bible, Greek Bible, and Qumran: Collected Essays (TSAJ 121; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008).
The Analytical-Literal Translation: Third Edition (ALT3) is the most accurate translation of the New Testament available. Its name reflects its main features. "Literal" refers to ALT3 being a word for word translation. All words in the original Greek text are translated. The original grammar is retained as much as possible. Words added for clarity are bracketed. "Analytical" refers to the detailed "analysis" done on the grammar of the text, which is then translated in a way that brings out "nuances" often missed in other translations. "Analytical" also refers to aids included within the text which enable the reader to "analyze" and understand the text. ALT3 is based on the most up-to-date and accurate Greek Text, the Byzantine Majority Text: Second Edition.
This volume examines numerous Hebrew wordplays not identified and discussed in previous research, and the technique of the Septuagint translators, by offering another criterion of evaluation – essentially, their concern about the style of translating Hebrew into Greek. Elizabeth Backfish's study analyzes seventy-four wordplays employed by the Hebrew poets of Psalms 90-106, and how the Septuagint renders Hebrew wordplay in Greek. Backfish estimates that the Septuagint translators were able to render 31% of the Hebrew semantic and phonetic wordplays (twenty-four total), most of which required some sort of transformation, or change, to the text in order to function in Greek. After providing a thorough summary of research methods on wordplay, definitions and research methodology, Backfish summarizes all examples of wordplay within the Fourth Psalter, and concludes with examples of the wordplay's replication, similar rendition or textual variation in the Septuagint. Emphasising the creativity and ingenuity of the Septuagint translators' work in passages that commentators often too quickly identify as the results of scribal error or a variant Vorlage from the Masoretic text, Backfish shows how the aptitude and flexibility displayed in the translation technique also contributes to conversations in modern translation studies.
