Active Metals
Active Metals

Author: Alois Fürstner

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2008-07-11

Total Pages: 482

ISBN-13: 3527615164

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Reactions with metals are ubiquitous in organic synthesis and, particularly in the last few years, a large repertoire of methods for the activation of metals and for their use in organic synthesis has been developed. In Active Metals, topics ranging from morphology of metal clusters and nanometallurgy to organometallic chemistry, catalysis and the use of activated metals in natural product synthesis are authoritatively discussed by leading experts in the field. Active Metals will allow you to fully benefit from the recent advances in the field by giving: * Detailed experimental procedures * Guidance on manipulation of active metals under inert atmosphere * Valuable information for planning syntheses * Extensive tables of typical conversions with yields * Critically selected, up-to-date references This handbook is a unique source of 'hands-on' information which will allow you to expand the scope of your research.

The Role of Active Elements in the Oxidation Behaviour of High Temperature Metals and Alloys
The Role of Active Elements in the Oxidation Behaviour of High Temperature Metals and Alloys

Author: E. Lang

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 364

ISBN-13: 9400911475

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Metals and alloys rely for their application at high temperature on the formation and retention of oxide scales, which act as a barrier between the metallic substrate and the reactive species in the environment such as 0, S, N, C, Cl, etc. This protection concept requires that the oxide grows slowly, develops a dense, uniform layer, is well adherent, has sufficient ductility to accom modate plastic deformation of the substrate and is resistant to thermal cycling. For many years it has been known that small concentrations of certain "active elements" such as Y and the rare earths, as well as carbon and sulphur, can exercise a significant influence upon the oxidation! corrosion behaviour of high temperature metals and alloys. An increasing number of experimental studies on this topic have been published recently. However no generally accepted understanding with regard to the detailed mechanisms and the way in which alloy composition and structure, temperature and environmental conditions, etc., are interacting has yet been achieved, although many - often controversial - theories and ideas have been presented. It therefore seemed to be an appropriate time to bring together a group of experts to review and evaluate the current state-of-the-art and to discuss various aspects of this important topic.

Chemistry
Chemistry

Author: James N. Spencer

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2010-12-28

Total Pages: 930

ISBN-13: 0470920939

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CHEMISTRY

Toxicology
Toxicology

Author: Vinood B. Patel

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2020-11-17

Total Pages: 596

ISBN-13: 0128190930

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Toxicology: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants examines the nature of oxidative stress as a consequence of exposure to toxins and how antioxidant approaches can mitigate the impact of toxicant exposures. Sections covers the basic biology of oxidative stress, from molecular biology, to physiological pathology, mechanisms of action of specific toxicants, metals and other chemicals/drugs, and antioxidant approaches and therapies for toxic exposures. With contributions from an international group of experts, useful summary sections, a dictionary of terms, and applications to other areas of toxicology, this book is an informative, consolidated reference that helps bridge the interrelationship between toxicology, oxidative stress and antioxidants. - Provides a novel collection of information linking both sides of redox biology (oxidants and antioxidants) and toxicology - Explores the role of free radical mediated damage and toxicology - Contains contributions from experts on toxicological science surrounding oxidative stress and on antioxidant approaches for reducing the impact of toxicant exposures

Active Protective Coatings
Active Protective Coatings

Author: Anthony E. Hughes

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-03-01

Total Pages: 429

ISBN-13: 9401775400

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This book covers a broad range of materials science that has been brought to bear on providing solutions to the challenges of developing self-healing and protective coatings for a range of metals. The book has a strong emphasis on characterisation techniques, particularly new techniques that are beginning to be used in the coatings area. It features many contributions written by experts from various industrial sectors which examine the needs of the sectors and the state of the art. The development of self-healing and protective coatings has been an expanding field in recent years and applies a lot of new knowledge gained from other fields as well as other areas of materials science to the development of coatings. It has borrowed from fields such as the food and pharmaceutical industries who have used, polymer techniques, sol-gel science and colloidosome technology for a range encapsulation techniques. It has also borrowed from fields like hydrogen storage such as from the development of hierarchical and other materials based on organic templating as “nanocontainers” for the delivery of inhibitors. In materials science, recent developments in high throughput and other characterisation techniques, such as those available from synchrotrons, are being increasing used for novel characterisation – one only needs to look at the application of these techniques in self healing polymers to gauge wealth of new information that has been gained from these techniques. This work is largely driven by the need to replace environmental pollutants and hazardous chemicals that represent risk to humans such as chromate inhibitors which are still used in some applications.

Bioenergy Engineering
Bioenergy Engineering

Author: Krushna Prasad Shadangi

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2023-06-20

Total Pages: 588

ISBN-13: 0323985513

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Bioenergy Engineering: Fundamentals, Methods, Modelling, and Applications presents the fundamental principles, recent developments, innovative state-of the-art technologies, challenges, solutions and future perspectives on the production of biofuels and bioenergy. Balancing the scientific and engineering aspects of biofuels production, the book guides readers through the chemical kinetics, modeling, thermodynamics, unit operations and technological advancements in fuel processing from conventional and alternative resources. Each chapter of the book starts with the fundamentals and goes on to assess the latest technologies for the production of renewable fuels on topics. Sections cover biomass utilization, biomass-to-liquid conversion technologies (pyrolysis, liquefaction, solid-state fermentation and submerged fermentation), biomass-to-gas conversion technologies (thermochemical gasification, subcritical and supercritical water gasification, and methanation), gas-to-liquid conversion technologies (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis), carbonization, transesterification, organic transformation, carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions, oxidation, reforming, hydrotreating technologies (hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydro dearomatization and hydro demetalization), nanocatalysis and biocatalysis (enzymatic hydrolysis), and much more. - Analyzes emerging technologies for the sustainable conversion of various waste and non-waste materials into bioenergy and biofuels - Examines a wide range of feedstocks and conversion pathways for liquid and gaseous biofuels - Offers practical guidance and data on how to conduct lifecycle assessment, techno-economic analysis, and utilize GIS modeling for a range production pathways

Lithium-ion Batteries
Lithium-ion Batteries

Author: Perla B. Balbuena

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 424

ISBN-13: 1860943624

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This invaluable book focuses on the mechanisms of formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the electrode surfaces of lithium-ion batteries. The SEI film is due to electromechanical reduction of species present in the electrolyte. It is widely recognized that the presence of the film plays an essential role in the battery performance, and its very nature can determine an extended (or shorter) life for the battery. In spite of the numerous related research efforts, details on the stability of the SEI composition and its influence on the battery capacity are still controversial. This book carefully analyzes and discusses the most recent findings and advances on this topic.

Fundamentals of Chemical Reactor Engineering
Fundamentals of Chemical Reactor Engineering

Author: Timur Dogu

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2021-10-07

Total Pages: 356

ISBN-13: 1119755913

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FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING A comprehensive introduction to chemical reactor engineering from an industrial perspective In Fundamentals of Chemical Reactor Engineering: A Multi-Scale Approach, a distinguished team of academics delivers a thorough introduction to foundational concepts in chemical reactor engineering. It offers readers the tools they need to develop a firm grasp of the kinetics and thermodynamics of reactions, hydrodynamics, transport processes, and heat and mass transfer resistances in a chemical reactor. This textbook describes the interaction of reacting molecules on the molecular scale and uses real-world examples to illustrate the principles of chemical reactor analysis and heterogeneous catalysis at every scale. It includes a strong focus on new approaches to process intensification, the modeling of multifunctional reactors, structured reactor types, and the importance of hydrodynamics and transport processes in a chemical reactor. With end-of-chapter problem sets and multiple open-ended case studies to promote critical thinking, this book also offers supplementary online materials and an included instructor’s manual. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the rate concept and species conservation equations in reactors, including chemical and flow reactors and the stoichiometric relations between reacting species A comprehensive exploration of reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium, including the thermodynamics of chemical reactions and different forms of the equilibrium constant Practical discussions of chemical kinetics and analysis of batch reactors, including batch reactor data analysis In-depth examinations of ideal flow reactors, CSTR, and plug flow reactor models Ideal for undergraduate and graduate chemical engineering students studying chemical reactor engineering, chemical engineering kinetics, heterogeneous catalysis, and reactor design, Fundamentals of Chemical Reactor Engineering is also an indispensable resource for professionals and students in food, environmental, and materials engineering.