From Death to Birth
From Death to Birth

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1998-01-12

Total Pages: 438

ISBN-13: 0309058961

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The last 35 years or so have witnessed a dramatic shift in the demography of many developing countries. Before 1960, there were substantial improvements in life expectancy, but fertility declines were very rare. Few people used modern contraceptives, and couples had large families. Since 1960, however, fertility rates have fallen in virtually every major geographic region of the world, for almost all political, social, and economic groups. What factors are responsible for the sharp decline in fertility? What role do child survival programs or family programs play in fertility declines? Casual observation suggests that a decline in infant and child mortality is the most important cause, but there is surprisingly little hard evidence for this conclusion. The papers in this volume explore the theoretical, methodological, and empirical dimensions of the fertility-mortality relationship. It includes several detailed case studies based on contemporary data from developing countries and on historical data from Europe and the United States.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2)
Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2)

Author: Robert Black

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2016-04-11

Total Pages: 419

ISBN-13: 1464803684

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.

Procedures for Collecting and Analyzing Mortality Data in LSMS
Procedures for Collecting and Analyzing Mortality Data in LSMS

Author: Susan Hill Cochrane

Publisher:

Published: 1982

Total Pages: 166

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Infant/child mortality data might be appropriate for describing the well-being of households, as it can be used to estimate differences between socioeconomic groups and to analyze correlates of mortality. A well-defined mortality rate is specific to a particular age interval and time period and requires information on the number of deaths, by age, during a defined time period and the population at risk, by age, during the same time period. Accurate information of this sort is difficult to obtain. This report reviews three possible methodologies for estimating mortality rates, and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of each. The specifics of data collection and techniques for transforming the collected data into mortality estimates are given. The three techniques are: (i) direct estimation with reference period data; (ii) indirect estimation with childhood survivorship data; and (iii) indirect estimation with reference period data. Analysis of the data is based on mortality differentials and multivariate analysis, which produce two quite different sets of issues.

Infant and Child Mortality in the Past
Infant and Child Mortality in the Past

Author: Alain Bideau

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 362

ISBN-13: 9780198289951

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This volume examines the trends of early-age mortality across time and space and the methodological and theoretical problems inherent in such studies. The approach is interdisciplinary, with contributions from demography, biology, medicine, and economic and social history. The geographical range encompasses Europe, North America, Japan, and India.

Reducing Birth Defects
Reducing Birth Defects

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2003-10-27

Total Pages: 270

ISBN-13: 0309166837

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Each year more than 4 million children are born with birth defects. This book highlights the unprecedented opportunity to improve the lives of children and families in developing countries by preventing some birth defects and reducing the consequences of others. A number of developing countries with more comprehensive health care systems are making significant progress in the prevention and care of birth defects. In many other developing countries, however, policymakers have limited knowledge of the negative impact of birth defects and are largely unaware of the affordable and effective interventions available to reduce the impact of certain conditions. Reducing Birth Defects: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World includes descriptions of successful programs and presents a plan of action to address critical gaps in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of birth defects in developing countries. This study also recommends capacity building, priority research, and institutional and global efforts to reduce the incidence and impact of birth defects in developing countries.