Classical conditioning (CC) refers to the general paradigm for scientific studies of learning and memory, as initiated by Pavlov and his followers. Despite the current high level of interest in CC within neuroscience there is presently no single source that provides up-to-date comprehensive coverage of core topics. CC is a very large field. Nevertheless, some organisms and behaviors have dominated the neuroscience scene. Foremost of these are classical eyeblink conditioning (rats, cats, rabbits, and humans) and ear'conditioning. This handbook of CC focuses on these systems. It will be particularly appealing to the growing amount of scientists and medical specialists who employ CC methods.'
Classical conditioning (CC) refers to the general paradigm for scientific studies of learning and memory, as initiated by Pavlov and his followers. Despite the current high level of interest in CC within neuroscience there is presently no single source that provides up-to-date comprehensive coverage of core topics. CC is a very large field. Nevertheless, some organisms and behaviors have dominated the neuroscience scene. Foremost of these are classical eyeblink conditioning (rats, cats, rabbits, and humans) and ear'conditioning. This handbook of CC focuses on these systems. It will be particularly appealing to the growing amount of scientists and medical specialists who employ CC methods.'
Based on the 75th Fujihara Seminar held in December 2018 in Tokyo, Japan, this volume explores the latest research on the cerebellum. Contributors seek to examine the cerebellum's role as a unique hub for brain activity and discover new information about its purpose. The discussion is broad, ranging from evolutionary topics to therapeutic strategy and addresses both physiology and pathology. Subjects covered include anatomy, information processing, complex spikes, plasticity, modeling, and spinocerebellar ataxias. The volume is intended to set the stage for the future of cerebellar research and guide both basic and clinical researchers.
Modern neuroscience research is inherently multidisciplinary, with a wide variety of cutting edge new techniques to explore multiple levels of investigation. This Third Edition of Guide to Research Techniques in Neuroscience provides a comprehensive overview of classical and cutting edge methods including their utility, limitations, and how data are presented in the literature. This book can be used as an introduction to neuroscience techniques for anyone new to the field or as a reference for any neuroscientist while reading papers or attending talks. - Nearly 200 updated full-color illustrations to clearly convey the theory and practice of neuroscience methods - Expands on techniques from previous editions and covers many new techniques including in vivo calcium imaging, fiber photometry, RNA-Seq, brain spheroids, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, and more - Clear, straightforward explanations of each technique for anyone new to the field - A broad scope of methods, from noninvasive brain imaging in human subjects, to electrophysiology in animal models, to recombinant DNA technology in test tubes, to transfection of neurons in cell culture - Detailed recommendations on where to find protocols and other resources for specific techniques - "Walk-through" boxes that guide readers through experiments step-by-step
This book constitutes the proceedings of the Third International Conference on Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, Living Machines 2014, held in Milan, Italy, in July/August 2014. The 31 full papers and 27 extended abstracts included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 62 submissions. The topics covered are brain based systems, active sensing, soft robotics, learning, memory, control architectures, self-regulation, movement and locomotion, sensory systems and perception.
Dive into the intricate cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology world with this essential guide, designed to bridge the gap between complex scientific theories and practical understanding. In a landscape where the human mind and brain remain some of the most profound mysteries, this book stands as a beacon for students, professionals, and enthusiasts eager to decipher the inner workings of our cognitive functions. Without relying on images or illustrations, it crafts a vivid narrative that brings the fascinating intricacies of the brain to life through words alone, offering a deep dive into how we think, feel, and behave. This comprehensive guide demystifies the fundamental principles of cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology and explores the latest research findings and their implications in our daily lives. It promises to enrich your understanding of the human condition by weaving together theoretical knowledge with real-world applications. Whether you're looking to advance your academic knowledge or simply curious about how your brain shapes your experience of the world, this book is your must-have resource. Its unique approach to presenting complex information through engaging and accessible language makes it an invaluable addition to your collection, inviting you to explore the depths of human consciousness.
Addiction in its various forms represents an enormous challenge to society. Worldwide, it has been estimated that alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs were responsible of more than 10 million deaths (Anderson et al, 2018), with a higher impact in developed countries where substance use disorders have been identified as responsible for life expectancy reversals (Rehm et al, 2016). Societal and medical responses to the problem are far from optimal, but the appearance of new technologies offers room for improvement, and lots of new initiatives have been launched and developed. In this Special Issue, we will describe and discuss how these new tools are helping to improve the assessment and treatment of substance use disorders. We will cover a wide variety of novelties that are being applied to addiction; e-health, APPs, digital phenotyping, ecological momentary assessment and interventions, wearable technology, computer-assisted tests, transcraneal magnetic stimulation, and virtual reality are just some examples of developments in a field that promises to create a real revolution in the assessment and treatment of addictions.
Eyeblink classical conditioning (EBC) is a model paradigm for associative (also termed Pavlovian) learning, one of the simplest and best understood forms of learning and memory. Because EBC paradigms are readily adapted across species, the neural substrates of EBC have been well characterized, and include but are not limited to the cerebellum and anterior interpositus nucleus, the hippocampus, and prefrontal cortices. The ability to collect EBC data across many different species (i.e. including but not limited to humans) also has the distinct advantage of facilitating translational research, and therefore may be of particular benefit to elucidate mechanistic changes associated with a wide variety of psychiatric disorders. In fact, EBC paradigms have been employed to assess individuals with a wide range of neurological deficits (including Korsakoff’s amnesia, Alzheimer's disease as well as normal aging, dyslexia, inflammatory tremor, dystonia, and multiple sclerosis) and psychiatric disorders (including major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, autism, and alcohol use/addiction disorders). Individuals with these disorders exhibit differential impairments across different EBC task types (e.g., delay vs. trace EBC), with some showing impairment in one but not the other task and some showing impairments in both; across learning stage (e.g., acquisition, discrimination, or extinction), and across response variables (e.g., magnitude and timing of the conditioned eyeblink motor response, modality of the conditioned stimulus). Evaluating specific individual differences in the context of variable brain pathology should aid characterization and refinement of our understanding of complex neuropsychiatric disorders. The field of psychiatry has seen a transition from more traditional use of symptom clusters to define psychiatric disorders with subsequent examination of associated behaviors and traits, to the use of physiological and behavioral indicators to characterize individuals with respect to various psychological domains [in line with the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative]. This approach employs a neuroscience-based framework to assess the pathophysiology of chronic mental illnesses. Behavioral and cognitive processes are critical domains of interest in evaluating potential maladaptive patterns that may be indicative of specific psychopathologies. Furthermore, the rapid development of technological advances that allow for more detailed examination (e.g., EEG, MEG, MRI, fMRI, infrared imaging) and manipulation (e.g. transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation) of brain functions should enhance our ability to better characterize EBC performance and its utility in characterizing aspects of particular neuropathologies. Substantial research evidence exists for the value of EBC paradigms to inform our understanding of the pathophysiologies underlying a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Despite these findings, this readily implemented classic cognitive-behavioral paradigm is relatively underutilized in clinical settings. This e-book highlights recent convergence of clinical and research efforts in this area and aims to promote a resurgent interest in eyeblink classical conditioning, and to emphasize the potential for future translational and diagnostic applications of EBC in combination with other techniques to strengthen our understanding of alterations in brain function manifested in behaviors characteristic of specific psychopathologies.
Speech perception has been the focus of innumerable studies over the past decades. While our abilities to recognize individuals by their voice state plays a central role in our everyday social interactions, limited scientific attention has been devoted to the perceptual and cerebral mechanisms underlying nonverbal information processing in voices. The Oxford Handbook of Voice Perception takes a comprehensive look at this emerging field and presents a selection of current research in voice perception. The forty chapters summarise the most exciting research from across several disciplines covering acoustical, clinical, evolutionary, cognitive, and computational perspectives. In particular, this handbook offers an invaluable window into the development and evolution of the 'vocal brain', and considers in detail the voice processing abilities of non-human animals or human infants. By providing a full and unique perspective on the recent developments in this burgeoning area of study, this text is an important and interdisciplinary resource for students, researchers, and scientific journalists interested in voice perception.
Emotions represent a critical aspect of daily life in humans. Our understanding of the mechanisms of regulation of emotions has increased exponentially these last two decades. This book evaluates the contribution of the cerebellum to emotion. It outlines the current clinical, imaging and neurophysiological findings on the role of the cerebellum in key aspects of emotional processing and its influence on motor and cognitive function and social behavior. In the first section, the reader is introduced to the contributions of the cerebellum to various emotion domains, from emotion perception and recognition to transmission and encoding. Subsequent chapters provide a comprehensive picture of the neurophysiology and topography of emotion in the cerebellum and illustrate the convergence of theoretical and empirical research. Additional chapters address the cerebellum's involvement in emotional learning, emotional pain, emotional aspects of body language and perception, and its relations to social cognition including morality, music, and art. Finally, neuropsychiatric aspects of the cerebellum's influence on mood disorders and the current state of therapeutic options, including noninvasive stimulation approaches, complete the overview. This is the first book summarizing the current state of knowledge on the contribution of the cerebellum to important aspects of emotion. It is an essential reference for students, trainees, neuroscientists, researchers, and clinicians in neuroscience, neurology, neurosurgery and psychology involved in the study of emotions. The authors are renowned scientists in the field of cerebellar research.
