X Rays and Crystal Structure
Author: William Henry Bragg
Publisher:
Published: 1924
Total Pages: 364
ISBN-13:
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Structure Determination by X-Ray Crystallography
Author: M. F. C. Ladd
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-12-06
Total Pages: 404
ISBN-13: 1461579333
DOWNLOAD EBOOKCrystallography may be described as the science of the structure of materi als, using this word in its widest sense, and its ramifications are apparent over a broad front of current scientific endeavor. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that most universities offer some aspects of crystallography in their undergraduate courses in the physical sciences. It is the principal aim of this book to present an introduction to structure determination by X-ray crystal lography that is appropriate mainly to both final-year undergraduate studies in crystallography, chemistry, and chemical physics, and introductory post graduate work in this area of crystallography. We believe that the book will be of interest in other disciplines, such as physics, metallurgy, biochemistry, and geology, where crystallography has an important part to play. In the space of one book, it is not possible either to cover all aspects of crystallography or to treat all the subject matter completely rigorously. In particular, certain mathematical results are assumed in order that their applications may be discussed. At the end of each chapter, a short bibliog raphy is given, which may be used to extend the scope of the treatment given here. In addition, reference is made in the text to specific sources of information. We have chosen not to discuss experimental methods extensively, as we consider that this aspect of crystallography is best learned through practical experience, but an attempt has been made to simulate the interpretive side of experimental crystallography in both examples and exercises.
X-Ray Diffraction Crystallography
Author: Yoshio Waseda
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2011-03-18
Total Pages: 320
ISBN-13: 3642166350
DOWNLOAD EBOOKX-ray diffraction crystallography for powder samples is a well-established and widely used method. It is applied to materials characterization to reveal the atomic scale structure of various substances in a variety of states. The book deals with fundamental properties of X-rays, geometry analysis of crystals, X-ray scattering and diffraction in polycrystalline samples and its application to the determination of the crystal structure. The reciprocal lattice and integrated diffraction intensity from crystals and symmetry analysis of crystals are explained. To learn the method of X-ray diffraction crystallography well and to be able to cope with the given subject, a certain number of exercises is presented in the book to calculate specific values for typical examples. This is particularly important for beginners in X-ray diffraction crystallography. One aim of this book is to offer guidance to solving the problems of 90 typical substances. For further convenience, 100 supplementary exercises are also provided with solutions. Some essential points with basic equations are summarized in each chapter, together with some relevant physical constants and the atomic scattering factors of the elements.
Structure of Materials
Author: Marc De Graef
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2012-10-08
Total Pages: 773
ISBN-13: 1139560476
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis highly readable, popular textbook for upper undergraduates and graduates comprehensively covers the fundamentals of crystallography and symmetry, applying these concepts to a large range of materials. New to this edition are more streamlined coverage of crystallography, additional coverage of magnetic point group symmetry and updated material on extraterrestrial minerals and rocks. New exercises at the end of chapters, plus over 500 additional exercises available online, allow students to check their understanding of key concepts and put into practice what they have learnt. Over 400 illustrations within the text help students visualise crystal structures and more abstract mathematical objects, supporting more difficult topics like point group symmetries. Historical and biographical sections add colour and interest by giving an insight into those who have contributed significantly to the field. Supplementary online material includes password-protected solutions, over 100 crystal structure data files, and Powerpoints of figures from the book.
Crystal Structure Determination
Author: Werner Massa
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2013-03-09
Total Pages: 210
ISBN-13: 3662042487
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA concise introduction to modern crystal structure determination, emphasizing both the crystallographic background and the successive practical steps. In the theoretical sections, more importance is attached to a good understanding, than to a rigorous mathematical treatment. The most important measuring techniques, including the use of modern area detectors, and the methods of data reduction, structure solution and refinement are discussed from a practical point of view. Special emphasis is put on the ability to recognize and avoid possible errors and traps, and to judge the quality of results.
Solid-State Properties of Pharmaceutical Materials
Author: Stephen R. Byrn
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2017-07-12
Total Pages: 432
ISBN-13: 1119264448
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPresents a detailed discussion of important solid-state properties, methods, and applications of solid-state analysis Illustrates the various phases or forms that solids can assume and discussesvarious issues related to the relative stability of solid forms and tendencies to undergo transformation Covers key methods of solid state analysis including X-ray powder diffraction, thermal analysis, microscopy, spectroscopy, and solid state NMR Reviews critical physical attributes of pharmaceutical materials, mainly related to drug substances, including particle size/surface area, hygroscopicity, mechanical properties, solubility, and physical and chemical stability Showcases the application of solid state material science in rational selection of drug solid forms, analysis of various solid forms within drug substance and the drug product, and pharmaceutical product development Introduces appropriate manufacturing and control procedures using Quality by Design, and other strategies that lead to safe and effective products with a minimum of resources and time
X-ray Analysis and the Structure of Organic Molecules
Author: Jack D. Dunitz
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
Published: 1995
Total Pages: 520
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book is the second corrected reprint of â2X-Ray Analysisâ2, published in 1979 and consists of two parts. Part one is about Crystal Structure Analysis, part two deals with Molecular Structure. All the information in this volume is of considerable value especially to those engaged in, or about to embark upon, X-ray crystal structure analysis.
Understanding Single-Crystal X-Ray Crystallography
Author: Dennis W. Bennett
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2010-03-08
Total Pages: 826
ISBN-13: 3527326774
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe first textbook for teaching this method to users with little mathematical background logically presents the theory and fundamentals in an easily comprehensible, self-contained way. The result is a must-have for advanced undergraduate students, as well as masters and graduate students and other users of single-crystal X-ray crystallography from many various disciplines.
X-Ray Structure Determination
Author: George H. Stout
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 1989-05-08
Total Pages: 484
ISBN-13: 0471607118
DOWNLOAD EBOOKClosely follows an actual structural determination. After some introductory material on the nature of x-rays, the diffraction process, and the internal geometry of crystals, the selection and preparation of a crystal are considered. Techniques of measuring raw x-ray data are covered, plus their reduction into a useable form. The second part discusses both traditional and novel methods of solving the ``phase'' problem, the principal difficulty in x-ray structure determination. The third part considers how to extract the most information from the data and how to evaluate its reliability. Finally, there is a discussion of sources of error in practice and interpretation.
The Theory of Crystal Structure Analysis
Author: A. Kitaigorodskii
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-12-06
Total Pages: 285
ISBN-13: 1475703406
DOWNLOAD EBOOKStructure analysis is based on the phenomena of the diffraction of radia tion by materials. In the first ten to twenty years after Laue's discovery, a very complete theory was developed for the diffraction of x-rays and, later, of electrons. This theory led to equations by means of which it was possible to compute the intensity pattern for a given structure. The theory of structure analysis came to mean that of the diffraction of radiation. In 1935, Patterson pointed out a way leading to the solution of the inverse problem: the finding of the structure from a given intensity distribution pattern. At first the conservatism of researchers, and then the war, hampered the de velopment and broad application of the ideas set forth in this work. It was only during the last ten years that all the rich possibilities of the Patterson method - the method of the analysis of the convolution of the electron density - were brought to light and applied in practice.
