Wu Yuan Zhuang is a translation of the third level practice of Zhineng Qigong, one of the most influential and powerful qigong sect in China. The book covers four sections. Section 1 focuses on the theories of Wu Yuan Zhuang, including its origin, features and fundamental ideas, as well as the key points to master it. Section 2 focuses on the 13 postures of Wu Yuan Zhuang including the movements, gestures, tips, requirement for the mind intent and effects. Section 3 illustrates the assistive method of Wu Yuan Zhuang --- Genuine Zang Qi Converging into One Method. Section 4 is a summary of Wu Yuan Zhuang which provides the reader with instructions about how to benefit from it. Hand signs, intonation and manipulation of emotions are peculiar features of Wu Yuan Zhuang. As a method centered on the five Zang-organs, Wu Yuan Zhuang can help its practitioner overcome emotional disturbance and depression. For more information, please visit our website www.zhineng.com
This volume explores the reception, development and construction of Eastern practices in the Nordic countries. The focus is on spirituality, medicine and healing from a lived religion perspective. Besides a geographical focus on the Nordic countries and their characteristics, this collection examines the embodied practices aligned with different expressions of religiosity, alternative medicine, spirituality and healing practices. By addressing questions about how so-called Eastern practices are embodied, spread and materialized, the contributors shed light on a cultural change in Nordic societies regarding religious, spiritual and alternative health practices, that are sometimes at odds with the dominant medical discourse about life-threatening diseases and other types of conditions.
Throughout the years there have been several editions of Zhuang Zi's book with significant differences in certain parts of the text. Not every word in the book came from Zhuang Zi's pen. Contributions were made by his disciples and there have been many changes to the original text: errors in hand copying the text, in mistaking notations for text, and in outright forgery throughout centuries. Chen Guying's 1976 edition of the book, an eclectic study of all the editions that identifies probable forgeries, is used as the text reference in the present translation.
Wang Hui asks what it means for China to be modern and for modernity to be Chinese. Is there a rupture between tradition and modernity in China? How has Confucian thought evolved? Did China become modern in the Middle Ages? A deep intellectual history, The Rise of Modern Chinese Thought revises our senses of both modernity and Chinese philosophy.
The Twenty-Four Histories (Chinese: 二十四史) are the Chinese official historical books covering a period from 3000 BC to the Ming dynasty in the 17th century. The Han dynasty official Sima Qian established many of the conventions of the genre. Starting with the Tang dynasty, each dynasty established an official office to write the history of its predecessor using official court records. As fixed and edited in the Qing dynasty, the whole set contains 3213 volumes and about 40 million words. It is considered one of the most important sources on Chinese history and culture. The title "Twenty-Four Histories" dates from 1775 which was the 40th year in the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. This was when the last volume, the History of Min gwas reworked and a complete set of the histories produced. The Twenty Four Histories include: •Early Four Historiographies (前四史) •Records of the Grand Historian (史記, Shǐ Jì), compiled by Sima Qian 司馬遷 in 91 BC •Book of Han (漢書, Hàn Shū), compiled by Ban Gu 班固 in 82 •Records of the Three Kingdoms (三國志, Sānguó Zhì), compiled by Chen Shou 陳壽 in 289 •Book of Later Han (後漢書, Hòuhàn Shū), compiled by Fan Ye 范曄 in 445[2] •Book of Song (simplified Chinese: 宋书; traditional Chinese: 宋書; pinyin: Sòng Shū)—Southern Dynasties, compiled by Shen Yue 沈約 in 488 •Book of Qi (simplified Chinese: 齐书; traditional Chinese: 齊書; pinyin: Qí Shū)—Southern Dynasties, compiled by Xiao Zixian 蕭子顯 in 537 •Book of Wei (simplified Chinese: 魏书; traditional Chinese: 魏書; pinyin: Wèi Shū)—Northern Dynasties, compiled by Wei Shou 魏收 in 554 •Eight Historiographies complied in Tang Dynasty (唐初八史) •Book of Liang (梁書, Liáng Shū)—Southern Dynasties, compiled by Yao Silian 姚思廉 in 636 •Book of Chen (陳書, Chén Shū)—Southern Dynasties, compiled by Yao Silian in 636 •Book of Northern Qi (北齊書, Běi Qí Shū)—Northern Dynasties, compiled by Li Baiyao 李百藥 in 636 •Book of Zhou (周書, Zhōu Shū)—Northern Dynasties, compiled under Linghu Defen 令狐德棻 in 636 •Book of Sui (隋書, Suí Shū), compiled under Wei Zheng 魏徵 in 636 •Book of Jin (晉書, Jìn Shū), compiled under Fang Xuanling 房玄齡 in 648 •History of the Southern Dynasties (南史, Nán Shǐ), compiled by Li Yanshou 李延壽 in 659 •History of the Northern Dynasties (北史, Běi Shǐ), compiled by Li Yanshou in 659 •Old Book of Tang (唐書, Táng Shū), compiled under Liu Xu 劉昫 in 945 •Old History of the Five Dynasties (五代史, Wǔdài Shǐ), compiled under Xue Juzheng 薛居正 in 974 •New History of the Five Dynasties (新五代史, Xīn Wǔdài Shǐ), compiled under Ouyang Xiu 歐陽脩 in 1053 •New Book of Tang (新唐書, Xīn Táng Shū), compiled under Ouyang Xiu in 1060 •Three Historiographies compiled in Yuan Dynasty (元末三史) •History of Liao (遼史, Liáo Shǐ), compiled under Toqto'a 脫脫 in 1343[3] •History of Jin (金史, Jīn Shǐ), compiled under Toqto'a in 1345 •History of Song (宋史, Sòng Shǐ), compiled under Toqto'a in 1345 •History of Yuan (元史, Yuán Shǐ), compiled under Song Lian 宋濂 in 1370 •History of Ming (明史, Míng Shǐ), compiled under Zhang Tingyu 張廷玉 in 1739
The Routledge Companion to Michael Chekhov brings together Chekhov specialists from around the world - theatre practitioners, theorists, historians and archivists – to provide an astonishingly comprehensive assessment of his life, work and legacy. This volume aims to connect East and West; theatre theory and practice. It reconsiders the history of Chekhov’s acting method, directing and pedagogy, using the archival documents found across the globe: in Russia, England, America, Germany, Lithuania and Switzerland. It presents Chekhov’s legacy and ideas in the framework of interdisciplinary theatre practices and theories, as well as at the crossroads of cultures, in the context of his forays into such areas as Western mime and Asian cosmology. This remarkable Companion, thoughtfully edited by two leading Chekhov scholars, will prove invaluable to students and scholars of theatre, theatre practitioners and theoreticians, and specialists in Slavic and transcultural studies. Marie-Christine Autant-Mathieu is Director of Research at the National Center For Scientific Research, and Assistant-Director of Sorbonne-CNRS Institute EUR’ORBEM. She is an historian of theatre and specialist in Russian and Soviet theatre. Yana Meerzon is Associate Professor in the Department of Theatre, University of Ottawa. Her book publications include Adapting Chekhov: The Text and Its Mutations, co-edited with Professor J. Douglas Clayton, University of Ottawa (Routlegde, 2012).
With the expansion of the breeding production scale and the development of the food industry, the prevalence of foodborne pathogens and subsequent problems including food poisoning and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), contribute much to the global disease burden, leading to the serious health hazard and major economic losses around the world, and foodborne disease has become one of the most challenging issues to public health. The most common pathogens spreading foodborne diseases in humans include but are not limited to Salmonella, Campylobacter, Clostridium, Cronobacter, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia enterocolitica, etc. These pathogens contaminate various types of foods throughout the food chain including cereal, vegetable, fruit, meat, dairy, and aquatic products in entire proceedings from farmland to fork and disseminate AMR and virulence. In this process, some clinically important antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), colistin-resistant or tigecycline-resistant bacteria have spread so quickly that they could be found emerging in clinical hospitals, agricultural farmlands, foods, food animals, environments and also humans/animals guts, in the meantime, super-bug foodborne pathogens with high-level AMR or hypervirulence has been disclosed emerging or re-emerging in more and more publications. Omics techniques including genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabonomics have greatly improved our understanding of the mechanisms of foodborne pathogens in terms of their AMR and pathogenesis. Simultaneously, an integrated multi-disciplinary “One Health” approach has been used for widespread and sustained surveillance of foodborne pathogens, based on a multi-sectoral collaboration framework, to mitigate and prevent the threats of pathogens of animal-, human-, environment- and food- origins. Though a large number of foodborne pathogen isolates were collected with unfolded phenotypic characteristics as the phase goals for surveillance work, it is still far from clearly exploring how many super-bugs there were, why they were so resistant or hypervirulent, where they came from, how they disseminated, how the mechanisms transmitted and evolved, and what the potential hazards were, etc. We need more intensive and compelling evidence, explanation, and interpretation. This Research Topic aims to provide a platform for recent discoveries and the latest progress in detection, mechanism, and dissemination from Omics insights with regards to the emerging or re-emerging foodborne pathogens with high-level AMR (Multi-drug resistant/Extensively-drug resistant/Pan-drug resistant, MDR/XDR/PDR) or hypervirulence, to increase the understanding of these superbugs, to track their sources, to discover the mechanisms that make them super, and to uncover the dissemination along the animal-food-human chain based on big data, and to assess the human health risks by uptaking them. Emergence, mechanism, and dissemination of them via the food chain by using the application of Omics-based technologies would be of particular interest for this topic. This Research Topic welcomes authors worldwide to contribute any article types like Original Research, Review & Mini-Review, Methods, Hypothesis and Theory, and Perspectives related to this topic, especially for some rare or unusual isolates with extreme importance and significance. Themes in the Research Topic include but are not limited to the sub-topics we suggested below: 1. Detection, prevalence, phenotypic characterizations, risk assessment, and regional or long-term surveillance of the “super-bug” foodborne pathogens; 2. Mechanisms (especially novel mechanisms) explanation/exploration or drug target development using Omics-based technologies and bioinformatics analysis; 3. Regionally or global dissemination of “super-bug” foodborne pathogen clones or relevant determinants especially mobile genetic elements (MGEs); 4. Current advances in the novel and instant detection method/models or method comparison report for the pathogenicity phenotype of the foodborne pathogens; 5. Any pathogen/disease prevention control and clinical treatment management developed to oppose the “super-bug” foodborne pathogen, like the gut microbiota approach, etc. Please note that Frontiers in Microbiology does not accept Case Reports, Clinical Trials, and Systematic Reviews, hence Frontiers in Public Health is a better option. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Scott Van Nguyen works for ATCC. All other topic editors declare no conflict of interest.
This book is a comprehensive review of the detailed molecular mechanisms of and functional crosstalk among the replication, recombination, and repair of DNA (collectively called the "3Rs") and the related processes, with special consciousness of their biological and clinical consequences. The 3Rs are fundamental molecular mechanisms for organisms to maintain and sometimes intentionally alter genetic information. DNA replication, recombination, and repair, individually, have been important subjects of molecular biology since its emergence, but we have recently become aware that the 3Rs are actually much more intimately related to one another than we used to realize. Furthermore, the 3R research fields have been growing even more interdisciplinary, with better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying other important processes, such as chromosome structures and functions, cell cycle and checkpoints, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, and so on. This book comprises 7 parts and 21 chapters: Part 1 (Chapters 1–3), DNA Replication; Part 2 (Chapters 4–6), DNA Recombination; Part 3 (Chapters 7–9), DNA Repair; Part 4 (Chapters 10–13), Genome Instability and Mutagenesis; Part 5 (Chapters 14–15), Chromosome Dynamics and Functions; Part 6 (Chapters 16–18), Cell Cycle and Checkpoints; Part 7 (Chapters 19–21), Interplay with Transcription and Epigenetic Regulation. This volume should attract the great interest of graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and senior scientists in broad research fields of basic molecular biology, not only the core 3Rs, but also the various related fields (chromosome, cell cycle, transcription, epigenetics, and similar areas). Additionally, researchers in neurological sciences, developmental biology, immunology, evolutionary biology, and many other fields will find this book valuable.
