This open access book deals with imaging of the abdomen and pelvis, an area that has seen considerable advances over the past several years, driven by clinical as well as technological developments. The respective chapters, written by internationally respected experts in their fields, focus on imaging diagnosis and interventional therapies in abdominal and pelvic disease; they cover all relevant imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. As such, the book offers a comprehensive review of the state of the art in imaging of the abdomen and pelvis. It will be of interest to general radiologists, radiology residents, interventional radiologists, and clinicians from other specialties who want to update their knowledge in this area.
The American Joint Committee on Cancer's Cancer Staging Manual is used by physicians throughout the world to diagnose cancer and determine the extent to which cancer has progressed. All of the TNM staging information included in this Sixth Edition is uniform between the AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) and the UICC (International Union Against Cancer). In addition to the information found in the Handbook, the Manual provides standardized data forms for each anatomic site, which can be utilized as permanent patient records, enabling clinicians and cancer research scientists to maintain consistency in evaluating the efficacy of diagnosis and treatment. The CD-ROM packaged with each Manual contains printable copies of each of the book’s 45 Staging Forms.
Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common cancer in males aged 20-40 years, with a worldwide incidence of 7.5 per 100,000, but the rates vary considerably between countries and ethnic groups and there is evidence also for an increasing incidence in last decades. About 95% of all TCs are represented by testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), which include seminoma and non-seminoma histological types. It is generally assumed that the development of TGCT is under endocrine control. In particular, unbalanced androgen/estrogen levels and/or activity are believed to represent the key events for TGCT development and progression. Furthermore, recent evidence has suggested genetic association of TGCT with variations in genes involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and steroidogenic enzymes. This recent evidence expands the current knowledge on the role of genetic contribution in testicular cancer susceptibility, and supports the hypothesis that variations in hormone metabolism genes might change the hormonal environment implicated in testicular carcinogenesis. Therefore, hormonal carcinogenesis is an important and controversial area of current research in TGCT, and further attention is given to genetic factors influencing hormone-related cancer risk. The genetic component to TGCT is in general strong. In fact, although environmental factors clearly contribute to TGCT development (and probably to its increasing incidence in some geographical areas), the proportion of TGCT susceptibility accounted for by the genetic effects is estimated at 25%. TGCT has high familial risks compared with most other cancer types that are generally no more than two-fold: brothers of individuals with TGCT have an 8- to 12-fold increased risk of disease, and sons of affected individuals have a 4- to 6-fold increased risk. Despite this strong familial relative risk, early results from linkage studies identified a limited relationship with genetic factors, suggesting that TGCT is a genetically complex trait. However, more recently, four genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the UK and USA have reported association of TGCTs with six new loci (KITLG, SPRY4, BAK1, DMRT1, TERT, and ATF7IP). The strongest association for TGCT susceptibility was found for SNPs in KITLG (ligand for the membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase KIT) gene with a greater than 2.5-fold increased risk of disease per major allele, which is the highest reported for any cancer to date. These studies are being now replicated by other researches and attention is given to the relationship between these genetic variations, TGCT risk and frequently associated anomalies of the reproductive tract, such as cryptorchidism and infertility. Finally, over the past few decades, TCGT research has focused also on external environmental causes acting mainly as endocrine disrupters of androgen and oestrogen pathways, even during the foetal development of the testis. It is well known that the testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) hypothesis, proposed ten years ago, suggests that disturbed testicular development in fetal life may result in one or more of four disorders postnatally, named cryptorchidism, hypospadias, poor semen quality, and TGCT. These four disorders are therefore considered as one clinical entity and are linked together by epidemiological and pathophysiological relations. The relative contribution of genetics and environment in TGCT development, and the interactions between endocrine disruptors and variations in genes involved in hormonal carcinogenesis is therefore another interesting area of research.
"According to the International Association for Ambulatory Surgery (IAAS), ambulatory surgery should be defined as: 'an operation/procedure, excluding an office or outpatient operation/procedure, where the patient is discharged on the same working day'. The origins of ambulatory surgery can be traced back to the pioneering work of James Nicholl at the Glasgow Royal Hospital who reported 8988 paediatric day case procedures between 1899-1908. Despite initial scepticism from the surgical profession, there has been a rapid expansion in the complexity and amount of ambulatory surgery in recent years: between 1989-2003 the percentage of elective surgery undertaken as day case in the UK increased from 15% to 70%. Many health services have set targets for the percentage of elective surgeries to be done as day-case procedures and in the UK this target is set at 75%"--
Knowledge in the field of urologic pathology is growing at an explosive pace. Today’s pathologists, specialists, and residents require a comprehensive and authoritative text that examines the full range of urological diseases and their diagnosis. Written by recognized leaders and educators in the field, the text provides readers with a detailed understanding of all diagnostic aspects of urological disease. Inside this unique resource, readers will explore a broad spectrum of practical information—including etiology, diagnostic criteria, molecular markers, differential diagnosis, ancillary tests, and clinical management. This is sure to be the new definitive text for urological pathology!
The testicles are a man's most sensitive body region. Unusual observations and sensations in this area such as pain, swelling, and lumps are very disquieting and often raise concerns as to whether these could be signs of testicular cancer. This book is an essential guide for people with such symptoms and subsequent concerns. In an easy to understand language, the experienced health author Dr. Rupert B. Hansen explains the symptoms, causes, diagnoses, and effective treatments of the most common testicle health problems such as testicular pain, swelling, trauma, infection, testicular torsion, lumps, cysts, spermatocele, varicocele, hernia, and testicular cancer. In addition to the standard treatments for each of these conditions, complementary therapeutic options such as homeopathy, Ayurveda, oxygen therapy, specific diets, and many more are also presented and discussed. Put your worries behind you! This essential patient guide full of sound information supports you in calming down and making informed decisions on your path back to testicular health.
A 27 year old man received a diagnosis he never expected to hear. Over the next year and a half, he would conquer cancer, battle COVID-19, and inspire many. His thoughts and experiences during this period would weave a story of positivity, hope, and faith, even during the darkest of times. His uncensored story of surviving testicular cancer during a worldwide pandemic will bring you on a roller coaster of emotions covering an 18-month period of his life. From channeling strength during tough times to the difficult thoughts and questions many cancer patients are faced with, Paul doesn't shy away from including his most personal thoughts and experiences. Savage delivers an inspirational conviction of courage that will guide others to dig deep inside themselves to find positivity, faith, and even happiness, as they are faced with some of the biggest battles of their life.
Do you see yourself as an artist? Colin Egglesfield never thought an artistic career path was realistic. He always made room for creativity, but it was never his life's focus. But then a chance encounter with an acting class, before committing to medical school, made Colin realize that an artistic career was possible. The path wasn't easy. Breaking into Hollywood can be quite a challenge. On top of that, he was diagnosed with cancer, not once, but twice. In "Agile Artist," Colin shares lessons he learned from his struggles to make a career in Hollywood, finding courage and support through personal health battles and tragedies. Along the way, he shares the riveting story of his ground-zero experience on 9/11 as well as his social impact projects in Chicago. This is the story of Colin's journey into creative discovery and his attempts to connect with a more authentic version of himself to become an Agile Artist. Colin emphasizes his belief that we are all artists in some form or another, even if we haven't connected with that part of ourselves. In 'Agile Artist, ' he shares his rich life stores and provides plenty of inventive strategies to help you break through to your creative, true self. Beyond this powerful book Colin invites you to join his artist community, where together, we can all support, motivate and share who we are to create not only better lives but a better world.
A must-have reference, this new edition provides practical information on treatment guidelines, details of diagnosis and therapy, and personal recommendations on patient management from experts in the field. Consistently formatted chapters allow for a user-friendly presentation for quick access of key information by the practicing clinician. Completely updated, this new edition includes all of the latest developments in treatment strategies of medical, surgical and radiation oncologists.
