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Author: M. C. Gatto
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2019-02-14
Total Pages: 589
ISBN-13: 110847408X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPlaces burial traditions at the centre of Saharan migrations and identity debate, with new technical data and methodological analysis.
Author: D. J. Mattingly
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2017-11-30
Total Pages: 470
ISBN-13: 1108195407
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSaharan trade has been much debated in modern times, but the main focus of interest remains the medieval and early modern periods, for which more abundant written sources survive. The pre-Islamic origins of Trans-Saharan trade have been hotly contested over the years, mainly due to a lack of evidence. Many of the key commodities of trade are largely invisible archaeologically, being either of high value like gold and ivory, or organic like slaves and textiles or consumable commodities like salt. However, new research on the Libyan people known as the Garamantes and on their trading partners in the Sudan and Mediterranean Africa requires us to revise our views substantially. In this volume experts re-assess the evidence for a range of goods, including beads, textiles, metalwork and glass, and use it to paint a much more dynamic picture, demonstrating that the pre-Islamic Sahara was a more connected region than previously thought.
Author: Erik Jensen
Publisher: Lynne Rienner Publishers
Published: 2005
Total Pages: 190
ISBN-13: 9781588263056
DOWNLOAD EBOOKJensen explores the long-standing conflict over the sovereignty of Western Sahara-from its colonial roots to its present manifestation as a political stalemate.
Author: Martin Sterry
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2020-03-26
Total Pages: 765
ISBN-13: 1108494447
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis ground-breaking volume pushes back conventional dating of the earliest sedentarisation, urbanisation and state formation in the Sahara.
Author: Chloë N. Duckworth
Publisher:
Published: 2020
Total Pages:
ISBN-13: 9781108908047
DOWNLOAD EBOOK"This volume is the fourth and final volume resulting from a focused programme of research and intensive group discussion of a wide range of topics related to the archaeological (and to a lesser extent, historical and anthropological/ethnographic) analysis of ancient societies in and around the Sahara, from the first millennium BC to the mid-second millennium AD. While the focus of the present volume is technology, there will inevitably be discussion of cross-overs and contrasts with the main conclusions from earlier volumes in the series. As explained in the Preface above, the Trans-SAHARA project evolved out of a long-term programme of fieldwork on an ancient people of the Libyan Sahara. Just as they occupied a significant nodal location in the Sahara, the Garamantes are at the centre of this volume, but the scope of debate here extends way beyond the history of a single group. Connections and barriers within the Trans-Saharan region (and the interrelationship between these two aspects) form one focus. In this introduction we present an overview of crucial themes and considerations which cross-cut all or many of the contributions."--
Author: Anouar Boukhars
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Published: 2013-12-18
Total Pages: 355
ISBN-13: 1442226862
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe ongoing conflict in Western Sahara is one of the more intractable legacies of European colonization in North Africa. Following the withdrawal of Spain, this territorial dispute escalated in 1975 into a war of independence between the Sahrawi people of the Polisario Front, who were backed by Algeria, and the states of Mauritania and Morocco. In 1976, the Polisario Front established the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, which was not admitted in the UN but won recognition by a few states. After multiple peace efforts, the conflict reemerged in 2005 as the “independence Intifada.” Today, the Polisario Front controls about 20% of Western Sahara. At the heart of the conflict lie geopolitical interests and incompatible claims aggravated by the use of military force and decades of mostly unproductive diplomatic maneuvers by international bodies and regional or foreign powers. This thorough, impartial survey brings together some of the best experts on the Sahara question to provide a broad-based analysis of the problem, from a range of perspectives. Featuring new research, the chapters examine the roots of the conflict, its dynamics, and potential solutions. This groundbreaking text also addresses questions of law, human rights, natural resources from an analytical point of view. Contributed by scholars from North Africa, Europe, and the U.S., it is an essential contribution to the literature of Middle East and African studies.
Author: Toby Shelley
Publisher: Zed Books Ltd.
Published: 2013-07-04
Total Pages: 264
ISBN-13: 1848136587
DOWNLOAD EBOOKWhy does this remote swathe of Sahara along the Atlantic seaboard concern the USA and Europe? Why does Morocco maintain its occupation? Why has the UN Security Council prevaricated for three decades while the Sahrawis live under Moroccan rule or as refugees? In this revealing book, Toby Shelley examines the geopolitics involved. He brings out: The little-known struggle of Sahrawis living under Moroccan rule to defend their identity. USA/European competition for influence in the Maghreb. The natural resources at stake -- rich fishing grounds, phosphates, and the prospect of oil. The reasons behind the UN failure to resolve what is now Africa's last decolonisation issue. The evolution of the USA-backed Baker Plan to settle the dispute. How the Western Sahara's history and future is tangled up with Moroccan--Algerian rivalry. The political development of Polisario, independence movement and state-in-waiting. Toby Shelley has talked to Polisario, Moroccan, Algerian and other diplomats. He has visited the territory and had access to opposition activists and Moroccan officials. In the refugee camps he interviewed the leadership of Polisario. What emerges is that the fate of the Western Sahara is being moulded by global and regional forces and that it is the Sahrawis under Moroccan rule who are best placed to influence that fate.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2014-12-19
Total Pages: 254
ISBN-13: 9264222359
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book explains the structure and geographical and organisational mobility of criminal and migratory movements in the Sahara and the Sahel with a view to helping establish better development strategies for the region.
Author: Ousmane Oumar Kane
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Published: 2016-06-07
Total Pages: 295
ISBN-13: 0674969359
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRenowned for its madrassas and archives of rare Arabic manuscripts, Timbuktu is famous as a great center of Muslim learning from Islam’s Golden Age. Yet Timbuktu is not unique. It was one among many scholarly centers to exist in precolonial West Africa. Beyond Timbuktu charts the rise of Muslim learning in West Africa from the beginning of Islam to the present day, examining the shifting contexts that have influenced the production and dissemination of Islamic knowledge—and shaped the sometimes conflicting interpretations of Muslim intellectuals—over the course of centuries. Highlighting the significant breadth and versatility of the Muslim intellectual tradition in sub-Saharan Africa, Ousmane Kane corrects lingering misconceptions in both the West and the Middle East that Africa’s Muslim heritage represents a minor thread in Islam’s larger tapestry. West African Muslims have never been isolated. To the contrary, their connection with Muslims worldwide is robust and longstanding. The Sahara was not an insuperable barrier but a bridge that allowed the Arabo-Berbers of the North to sustain relations with West African Muslims through trade, diplomacy, and intellectual and spiritual exchange. The West African tradition of Islamic learning has grown in tandem with the spread of Arabic literacy, making Arabic the most widely spoken language in Africa today. In the postcolonial period, dramatic transformations in West African education, together with the rise of media technologies and the ever-evolving public roles of African Muslim intellectuals, continue to spread knowledge of Islam throughout the continent.
Author: Joanna Allan
Publisher: University of Wisconsin Press
Published: 2019-04-09
Total Pages: 359
ISBN-13: 0299318400
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSpain’s former African colonies—Equatorial Guinea and Western Sahara—share similar histories. Both are under the thumbs of heavy-handed, postcolonial regimes, and are known by human rights organizations as being among the worst places in the world with regard to oppression and lack of civil liberties. Yet the resistance movement in one is dominated by women, the other by men. In this innovative work, Joanna Allan demonstrates why we should foreground gender as key for understanding both authoritarian power projection and resistance. She brings an ethnographic component to a subject that has often been looked at through the lens of literary studies to examine how concerns for equality and women’s rights can be co-opted for authoritarian projects. She reveals how Moroccan and Equatoguinean regimes, in partnership with Western states and corporations, conjure a mirage of promoting equality while simultaneously undermining women’s rights in a bid to cash in on oil, minerals, and other natural resources. This genderwashing, along with historical local, indigenous, and colonially imposed gender norms mixed with Western misconceptions about African and Arab gender roles, plays an integral role in determining the shape and composition of public resistance to authoritarian regimes.
