Vision Chips
Vision Chips

Author: Alireza Moini

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 305

ISBN-13: 1461552672

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This chapter presents a set of introductory material, which in addition to providing a general view on the topic, highlights the importance of research in this area. It also presents a short history of the design of smart vision sensors, and points out some of the fundamental issues in the design of such sensors. 1. 1 A General Overview Machine vision is one of the main branches of artificial intelligence. The richness of information present in images makes them the first choice as an input to an artificial system which tries to interact with its environment. A large proportion of the brain of many advanced species is dedicated to visual information processing, which illustrates the importance of visual information in biological systems. Biological visual systems have evolved over millions of years, and each specie has developed a specialized visual system tailored for the essential tasks of survival, such as catching a prey, or escaping a predator. Implementing electronic hardware for image processing, therefore, may benefit from the underlying fundamental aspects of biological vision, though in no respect should this be regarded as a solid framework for electronic vision systems. Traditionally, computer vision algorithms are performed on images captured by conventional cameras, and processing is accomplished by means of general purpose digital computers. More advanced systems utilize dedicated hardware to speed up the processing stage.

SOC Design Methodologies
SOC Design Methodologies

Author: Michel Robert

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2013-03-15

Total Pages: 489

ISBN-13: 0387355979

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The 11 th IFIP International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration, in Montpellier, France, December 3-5,2001, was a great success. The main focus was about IP Cores, Circuits and System Designs & Applications as well as SOC Design Methods and CAD. This book contains the best papers (39 among 70) that have been presented during the conference. Those papers deal with all aspects of importance for the design of the current and future integrated systems. System on Chip (SOC) design is today a big challenge for designers, as a SOC may contain very different blocks, such as microcontrollers, DSPs, memories including embedded DRAM, analog, FPGA, RF front-ends for wireless communications and integrated sensors. The complete design of such chips, in very deep submicron technologies down to 0.13 mm, with several hundreds of millions of transistors, supplied at less than 1 Volt, is a very challenging task if design, verification, debug and industrial test are considered. The microelectronic revolution is fascinating; 55 years ago, in late 1947, the transistor was invented, and everybody knows that it was by William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter H. Brattein, Bell Telephone Laboratories, which received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956. Probably, everybody thinks that it was recognized immediately as a major invention.

Focal-Plane Sensor-Processor Chips
Focal-Plane Sensor-Processor Chips

Author: Ákos Zarándy

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-02-26

Total Pages: 311

ISBN-13: 1441964754

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Focal-plane sensor-processor imager devices are sensor arrays and processor arrays embedded in each other on the same silicon chip. This close coupling enables ultra-fast processing even on tiny, low power devices, because the slow and energetically expensive transfer of the large amount of sensory data is eliminated. This technology also makes it possible to produce locally adaptive sensor arrays, which can (similarly to the human retina) adapt to the large dynamics of the illumination in a single scene This book focuses on the implementation and application of state-of-the-art vision chips. It provides an overview of focal plane chip technology, smart imagers and cellular wave computers, along with numerous examples of current vision chips, 3D sensor-processor arrays and their applications. Coverage includes not only the technology behind the devices, but also their near- and mid-term research trends.

Smart CMOS Image Sensors and Applications
Smart CMOS Image Sensors and Applications

Author: Jun Ohta

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2020-05-12

Total Pages: 295

ISBN-13: 1498797342

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Revised and expanded for this new edition, Smart CMOS Image Sensors and Applications, Second Edition is the only book available devoted to smart CMOS image sensors and applications. The book describes the fundamentals of CMOS image sensors and optoelectronic device physics, and introduces typical CMOS image sensor structures, such as the active pixel sensor (APS). Also included are the functions and materials of smart CMOS image sensors and present examples of smart imaging. Various applications of smart CMOS image sensors are also discussed. Several appendices supply a range of information on constants, illuminance, MOSFET characteristics, and optical resolution. Expansion of smart materials, smart imaging and applications, including biotechnology and optical wireless communication, are included. Features • Covers the fundamentals and applications including smart materials, smart imaging, and various applications • Includes comprehensive references • Discusses a wide variety of applications of smart CMOS image sensors including biotechnology and optical wireless communication • Revised and expanded to include the state of the art of smart image sensors

Optical Storage and Retrieval
Optical Storage and Retrieval

Author: Francis T.S. Yu

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 1996-06-13

Total Pages: 346

ISBN-13: 9780824797072

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Presents recent technical information and gives an overview of progress in optical memory, neural networks and fractals from the viewpoint of optical information processing. The work introduces holographic optical disks and holographic storage in photorefractive crystal fibre, discusses the optical implementation of neural networks, explains the use of neurochips as artificial retinas, and more.

Smart Imaging Systems
Smart Imaging Systems

Author: Bahram Javidi

Publisher: SPIE Press

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 9780819437358

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This book presents recent advances in image sensing and processing systems, image recognition, 3D imaging and processing, ultrafast optical networks for image communication, and multidimensional information security systems. Eleven chapters by international experts provide practical and theoretical insights. Useful for students, researchers, and technology users in IT, image processing, and optics.

Near-sensor and In-sensor Computing
Near-sensor and In-sensor Computing

Author: Yang Chai

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-10-27

Total Pages: 237

ISBN-13: 3031115066

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This book provides a detailed introduction to near-sensor and in-sensor computing paradigms, their working mechanisms, development trends and future directions. The authors also provide a comprehensive review of current progress in this area, analyze existing challenges in the field, and offer possible solutions. Readers will benefit from the discussion of computing approaches that intervene in the vicinity of or inside sensory networks to help process data more efficiently, decreasing power consumption and reducing the transfer of redundant data between sensing and processing units. Provides readers with a detailed introduction to the near-sensor and in-sensor computing paradigms; Includes in-depth and comprehensive summaries of the state-of-the-art development in this field; Discusses and compares various neuromorphic sensors and neural networks: Describes integration technology for near-/in-sensor computing; Reveals the relationship between near-/in-sensor computing and other computing paradigms, such as neuromorphic computing, edge computing, intuitive computing, and in-memory computing.

High Performance Silicon Imaging
High Performance Silicon Imaging

Author: Daniel Durini

Publisher: Woodhead Publishing

Published: 2019-10-19

Total Pages: 542

ISBN-13: 0081024355

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High Performance Silicon Imaging: Fundamentals and Applications of CMOS and CCD Sensors, Second Edition, covers the fundamentals of silicon image sensors, addressing existing performance issues and current and emerging solutions. Silicon imaging is a fast growing area of the semiconductor industry. Its use in cell phone cameras is already well established, with emerging applications including web, security, automotive and digital cinema cameras. The book has been revised to reflect the latest state-of-the art developments in the field, including 3D imaging, advances in achieving lower signal noise, and new applications for consumer markets. The fundamentals section has also been expanded to include a chapter on the characterization and testing of CMOS and CCD sensors that is crucial to the success of new applications. This book is an excellent resource for both academics and engineers working in the optics, photonics, semiconductor and electronics industries. - Covers the fundamentals of silicon-based image sensors and technical advances, focusing on performance issues - Looks at image sensors in applications, such as mobile phones, scientific imaging, and TV broadcasting, and in automotive, consumer and biomedical applications - Addresses the theory behind 3D imaging and 3D sensor development, including challenges and opportunities

Image Processing and Pattern Recognition
Image Processing and Pattern Recognition

Author: Cornelius T. Leondes

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1998-02-09

Total Pages: 407

ISBN-13: 0080551440

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Image Processing and Pattern Recognition covers major applications in the field, including optical character recognition, speech classification, medical imaging, paper currency recognition, classification reliability techniques, and sensor technology. The text emphasizes algorithms and architectures for achieving practical and effective systems, and presents many examples. Practitioners, researchers, and students in computer science, electrical engineering, andradiology, as well as those working at financial institutions, will value this unique and authoritative reference to diverse applications methodologies.Coverage includes: - Optical character recognition - Speech classification - Medical imaging - Paper currency recognition - Classification reliability techniques - Sensor technology Algorithms and architectures for achieving practical and effective systems are emphasized, with many examples illustrating the text. Practitioners, researchers, and students in computer science, electrical engineering, and radiology, as wellk as those working at financial institutions, will find this volume a unique and comprehensive reference source for this diverse applications area.

Living machines
Living machines

Author: Tony J. Prescott

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2018-04-19

Total Pages: 901

ISBN-13: 0191666815

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Contemporary research in science and engineering is seeking to harness the versatility and sustainability of living organisms. By exploiting natural principles, researchers hope to create new kinds of technology that are self-repairing, adaptable, and robust, and to invent a new class of machines that are perceptive, social, emotional, perhaps even conscious. This is the realm of the 'living machine'. Living machines can be divided into two types: biomimetic systems, that harness the principles discovered in nature and embody them in new artifacts, and biohybrid systems in which biological entities are coupled with synthetic ones. Living Machines: A handbook of research in biomimetic and biohybrid systems surveys this flourishing area of research, capturing the current state of play and pointing to the opportunities ahead. Promising areas in biomimetics include self-organization, biologically inspired active materials, self-assembly and self-repair, learning, memory, control architectures and self-regulation, locomotion in air, on land or in water, perception, cognition, control, and communication. Drawing on these advances the potential of biomimetics is revealed in devices that can harvest energy, grow or reproduce, and in animal-like robots that range from synthetic slime molds, to artificial fish, to humanoids. Biohybrid systems is a relatively new field, with exciting and largely unknown potential, but one that is likely to shape the future of humanity. This book surveys progress towards new kinds of biohybrid such as robots that merge electronic neurons with biological tissue, micro-scale machines made from living cells, prosthetic limbs with a sense of touch, and brain-machine interfaces that allow robotic devices to be controlled by human thought. The handbook concludes by exploring some of the impacts that living machine technologies could have on both society and the individual, exploring questions about how we will see and understand ourselves in a world in which the line between the natural and the artificial is increasingly blurred. With contributions from leading researchers from science, engineering, and the humanities, this handbook will be of broad interest to undergraduate and postgraduate students. Researchers in the areas of computational modeling and engineering, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, artificial life, biorobotics, neurorobotics, and human-machine interfaces will find Living Machines an invaluable resource.