Verbal Memory Performance in Able Older Adults
Author: Michelle K. Daugherty
Publisher:
Published: 2000
Total Pages: 238
ISBN-13:
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Author: Michelle K. Daugherty
Publisher:
Published: 2000
Total Pages: 238
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Meagan E. Lentz
Publisher:
Published: 2011
Total Pages: 56
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKVerbal intelligence has been shown to affect performance on verbal memory tests for healthy young adults. However, it is not clear that the association between verbal intelligence and memory is the same for healthy older adults because, while performance on verbal intelligence measures remains relatively stable in older age, there is significant normal age-related memory decline. In fact, the magnitude of age-related decline in verbal memory performance is so substantial that there may be a significant difference between the memory performance of individuals in their early (i.e. 80 to 84) versus late (i.e. 85 to 89) eighties. This raises the possibility of an interactive effect between verbal intelligence and age on verbal memory for individuals in their 9th decade. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of verbal intelligence and age on verbal memory test performance in the elderly. One hundred thirty-nine healthy participants aged 80-89 were divided into four groups based on Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - III (WAIS-III) Vocabulary scaled score: average/below average (11) and above average ( 12); and age: early 80's (80 to 84) and late 80's (85 to 89). The groups were compared on Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) total and delayed recall scores. Results from two-way ANOVA indicated a significant interaction effect between age and Vocabulary score for the RAVLT total score. ANOVA pairwise comparisons revealed a between groups difference that is inconsistent with the established presence of age-related memory decline that yields the current data invalid and ungeneralizable: for individuals in the average and below intelligence group, the younger age group performed worse than the older age group. Two-way ANOVA results indicated no interaction or main effects for age or Vocabulary score on RAVLT delay score. Other significant and marginal findings are discussed which argue for further research on the use of different norms for people aged 80-84 and 85-89, though no finding on the applicability of the IQ - memory relationship can be discussed due to selection bias.
Author: Leonard W. Poon
Publisher: Psychology Press
Published: 2014-05-09
Total Pages: 680
ISBN-13: 1317685768
DOWNLOAD EBOOKOriginally published in 1980, this book contains the proceedings from a memorial conference held in honour of George A. Talland, who made a significant contribution to the area of memory and aging. The major objective of the volume was to stimulate research towards a more comprehensive understanding of age related differences in memory. It was also hoped it would provide direction for the application and utilization of research findings in the evaluation and treatment of memory complaints and memory difficulties experienced by the elderly. The book was intended for two broad groups of scientists. The first being researchers in the psychology of memory, and those who were currently active in the research on aging at the time. The second group was those concerned with applying current research findings to the diagnosis and treatment of problems of memory.
Author: Leah L. Light
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 1993-07-30
Total Pages: 298
ISBN-13: 9780521448765
DOWNLOAD EBOOKFrom a cognitive standpoint, the authors consider the role of awareness in memory and language.
Author: Timothy A. Salthouse
Publisher: Psychology Press
Published: 2016-03-23
Total Pages: 451
ISBN-13: 1317717295
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe phenomenon of age-related cognitive decline has long been controversial, both in terms of mere existence, and with respect to how it is explained. Some researchers have dismissed it as an artifact of declining health or lower levels of education, and others have attributed it to general changes occurring in the external environment. Still other interpretations have been based on the "use it or lose it" principle -- known as the Disuse Hypothesis -- or on the idea that there are qualitative differences in either the structure or the process of cognition across the adult years. Perhaps the most popular approach at present relies on the information-processing perspective and attempts to identify the critical processing component most responsible for age-related differences in cognition. The primary purposes of this book are first to review the evidence of age-related differences in cognitive functioning and then to evaluate the major explanations proposed to account for the negative relations between age and cognition that have been established. Included is a discussion of theoretical dimensions and levels of scientific theorizing assumed to be helpful in understanding and evaluating alternative perspectives on cognitive aging. The various perspectives are then covered in detail and analyzed. The text concludes with observations about the progress that has been made in explaining cognitive aging phenomena, plus recommendations for research practices that might contribute to greater progress in the future.
Author: Susan Kemper
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2007-05-08
Total Pages: 429
ISBN-13: 0306469022
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSusan Kemper A debate about the role of working memory in language processing has become center-most in psycholinguistics (Caplan & Waters, in press; Just & Carpenter, 1992; Just, Carpenter, & Keller, 1996; Waters & Caplan, 1996). This debate concerns which aspects of language processing are vulnerable to working memory limitations, how working memory is best measured, and whether compensatory processes can offset working memory limitations. Age-comparative studies are particularly relevant to this debate for several reasons: difficulties with language and communication are frequently mentioned by older adults and signal the onset of Alzheimer's dementia and other pathologies associated with age; older adults commonly experience working memory limitations that affect their ability to perform everyday activities; the rapid aging of the United States population has forced psychologists and gerontologists to examine the effects of aging on cognition, drawing many investigators to the study of cognitive aging. Older adults constitute ideal population for studying how working memory limitations affect cognitive performance, particularly language and communication. Age-comparative studies of cognitive processes have advanced our understanding of the temporal dynamics of cognition as well as the working memory demands of many types of tasks (Kliegl, Mayr, & Krampe, 1994; Mayr & Kliegl, 1993). The research findings reviewed in this volume have clear implications - for addressing the practical problems of older adults as consumers of leisure ti- reading, radio and television broadcasts, as targets of medical, legal, and financial documents, and as participants in a web of service agencies and volunteer activities.
Author: Janet L. Conant
Publisher:
Published: 2021
Total Pages: 129
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Problem: The deleterious effects of aging on various cognitive abilities are widely recognized, yet little is known regarding what constitutes "normal" memory test performance in individuals over the age of 74. In this study, forgetting rates for verbal and nonverbal material from the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) were examined in groups of older healthy individuals aged 50-74 and 75-95. Despite equivalent scores on measures of global cognitive status and attention/concentration, the older group demonstrated significantly poorer performance on the Delayed Memory Index. Preliminary normative data for normal elderly subjects on the WMS-R are presented, and the need for appropriate norms for elderly individuals is discussed. The Research: As part of an ongoing neuropsychological investigation of normal and abnormal aging, subjects over the age of 49 were recruited via local flyers and newspaper advertisements. For this study, subjects between the ages of 75 and 95 were included, along with a younger comparison group of individuals aged 50-74. All subjects were carefully screened via telephone interviews for neuropsychological risk factors, and those with a history of neurological disorder (e.g. stroke, head injury), learning disability, major psychiatric disorder, major medical illness or substance abuse, were excluded. The resultant sample was comprised of 30 subjects between the ages of 75 and 95, and 35 between the ages of 50 and 74. All subjects were administered the WMS-R according to standard procedure (Wechlser, 1987). For the purpose of this study, the general composite Index scores of the WMS-R were calculated for comparison of the two age groups. These general Index scores include five parameters of memory: Attention/Concentration, Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Delayed Memory and General Memory. The Results: The older and younger groups were significantly different in terms of age, but not in educational level or the raw Attention/Concentration score. In terms of test scores, both groups obtained highly similar scores on General Memory, Visual Memory and Verbal Memory. The older group achieved a significantly lower score on Delayed Memory. These results represent some of the earliest data regarding WMS-R performance in healthy older individuals. Because of the above average level of education and excellent health status of these samples, however, the generalizability to other elderly groups (i.e. those with less education and various health risk factors) may be limited. Nevertheless, until more large scale age and education-adjusted norms are available, data such as these may serve as general preliminary guidelines for the interpretation of older subjects' performance on the WMS-R.
Author: Robin L. West
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2013-06-29
Total Pages: 400
ISBN-13: 1461391512
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEveryday Memory and Aging is a comprehensive handbook which touches virtually every aspect of current everyday memory research and methodology as they relate to aging. This book demonstrates that the results of divergent approaches to the study of everyday memory and aging frequently dovetail, and it widens significantly the scope of investigation and know- ledge in the field.
Author: Patricia S. A. Sparacino
Publisher:
Published: 2006
Total Pages: 324
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA more systematic evaluation is needed of the possible relationships between heart failure and associated cognitive function in general, and verbal memory impairment in particular, and between heart failure and cognitive function associated with aging.
Author: Tara Lynn Victor
Publisher:
Published: 2003
Total Pages: 314
ISBN-13:
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