A bridge rail Type 70 was built and tested in accordance with NCHRP Report 350. The Type 70 bridge rail is an 810 mm tall concrete barrier with a sloping face of 9.1 deg from the vertical. The barrier tested was 22.9 m long and was constructed at the Caltrans Dynamic Test Facility in West Sacramento, California. A total of four crash tests were conducted under NCHRP Report 350 test level 4, one with an 820 kg car, two with 2000 kg pickup trucks and one with an 8000 kg van truck. Both the 820 kg and the 8000 kg tests were within the limits of NCHRP Report 350 guidelines.
An aesthetic, see-through concrete bridge rail, Type 80, was built and tested in accordance with National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350. The Type 80 bridge rail is an 810 mm-tall, reinforced concrete barrier. The rail has 280 mm-high by 1620 mm-long gaps, 230 mm above the bridge deck surface. The barrier tested was 23 m-long and was constructed at the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Dynamic Test Facility in West Sacramento, California. A total of three crash tests were conducted under NCHRP Report 350 Test Level 4, one with an 820 kg car, one with a 2000 kg pickup truck and one with an 8000 kg single unit van truck.
A total of seven vehicle crash tests were performed, three involving a Type 115 bridge rail and four involving a thrie beam bridge rail. Additional static testing was done on five steel bridge rail posts with different types of post stiffeners. The Type 115 bridge rail consisted of two tube steel rails (4x4x0.25 in.) supported off the edge of deck by steel wide flange posts at 8 ft 0 in. spacing. The thrie beam bridge rail consisted of 10 ga. thrie beam panels blocked out and supported on the edge of deck by steel wide flange posts at 6 ft 3 in. spacing. The typical heights for the Type 115 and the thrie beam bridge rails were 30 and 32 in., respectively. There were two impact tests on the Type 115 bridge rail, one on the Type 115 bridge rail transition, two on the thrie beam bridge rail, and two on the thrie beam bridge rail transition.
Keep Up with Advancements in the Field of Rail Vehicle Design A thorough understanding of the issues that affect dynamic performance, as well as more inventive methods for controlling rail vehicle dynamics, is needed to meet the demands for safer rail vehicles with higher speed and loads. Design and Simulation of Rail Vehicles examines the field of rail vehicle design, maintenance, and modification, as well as performance issues related to these types of vehicles. This text analyzes rail vehicle design issues and dynamic responses, describes the design and features of rail vehicles, and introduces methods that address the operational conditions of this complex system. Progresses from Basic Concepts and Terminology to Detailed Explanations and Techniques Focused on both non-powered and powered rail vehicles—freight and passenger rolling stock, locomotives, and self-powered vehicles used for public transport—this book introduces the problems involved in designing and modeling all types of rail vehicles. It explores the applications of vehicle dynamics, train operations, and track infrastructure maintenance. It introduces the fundamentals of locomotive design, multibody dynamics, and longitudinal train dynamics, and discusses co-simulation techniques. It also highlights recent advances in rail vehicle design, and contains applicable standards and acceptance tests from around the world. • Includes multidisciplinary simulation approaches • Contains an understanding of rail vehicle design and simulation techniques • Establishes the connection between theory and many simulation examples • Presents simple to advanced rail vehicle design and simulation methodologies Design and Simulation of Rail Vehicles serves as an introductory text for graduate or senior undergraduate students, and as a reference for practicing engineers and researchers investigating performance issues related to these types of vehicles.
Various methods of assessing noise, loudness, and noise annoyance are reviewed and explained; sources, types, and intensities of traffic noise are noted; typical means of abatement and attenuation are described; design criteria for various land uses ranging from low-density to industrial are suggested and compared with the results of previous BBN and British systems for predicting annoyance and complaint; and a design guide for predicting traffic noise, capable of being programmed for batch and on-line computer applications, is presented in form suitable for use as a working tool. A flow diagram describes the interrelationships of elements in the traffic noise prediction methodology, and each element is discussed in detail in the text. The text is presented of a tape recording that takes the listener through a series of traffic situations, with such variables as traffic distance, flow velocity, distance, outdoors and indoors, and presence or absence of absorbers and attenuators.
