Structural Transformation of Bangladesh Economy
Structural Transformation of Bangladesh Economy

Author: Mustafa K. Mujeri

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-03-18

Total Pages: 299

ISBN-13: 9811607648

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book examines the theory and global evidence on structural transformation along with stylised facts and implications using, among others, a dynamic panel model, for South Asia. The characteristics of the structural transformation process in Bangladesh bring out the relevance of a comprehensive and inclusive South Asian ‘brand’ in view of the challenges of large population size, high burden of poverty, rising inequalities and its compulsion to achieve rapid and sustained inclusive development. The analysis highlights several distinct characteristics of Bangladesh’s structural transformation including changes in value added, trade, employment, productivity, formal-informal jobs, and opportunities for low-skilled workers. The book suggests that the manufacturing sector could not create the required number of jobs and generate rapid absolute and relative productivity gains in the Bangladesh economy. Although the services sector has largely led output and employment growth, services subsectors with strong labour absorptive capacity have low average productivity. Hence, growth-enhancing structural transformation led by these subsectors is likely to be less dynamic than required for rapid employment-creating growth in the economy. The book’s analysis on COVID-19 and cyclone Amphan shows that an integrated disaster and development paradigm is needed for Bangladesh. An inclusive and health and well-being focused structural transformation presents the pathway to advance the people-centred approach to development in Bangladesh through both vulnerability reduction and investments in sustainable development that would offset both known and unknown disaster threats. The key for Bangladesh is to skillfully manage the ‘developer’s dilemma’ of achieving both structural transformation in terms of large productivity gains and inclusive growth for reducing poverty and rising inequalities. This book is relevant to students, academicians and development practitioners and others interested in contemporary development.

Transforming Bangladesh’s Participation in Trade and Global Value Chain
Transforming Bangladesh’s Participation in Trade and Global Value Chain

Author: Asian Development Bank

Publisher: Asian Development Bank

Published: 2023-04-01

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 9292701126

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Textiles and textile products dominate Bangladesh’s exports and participation in global value chains. However, such concentration poses risks to the economy. This report highlights that diversification into other sectors will be important to promote export-led growth. It explores how Bangladesh can build on its recent economic success by unlocking productivity gains from technology adoption, narrowing the digital divide, and expanding participation in global value chains. It identifies high-potential industries with deeper domestic linkages that offer opportunities to broaden the base of economic growth.

Pakistan’s Economy and Trade in the Age of Global Value Chains
Pakistan’s Economy and Trade in the Age of Global Value Chains

Author: Asian Development Bank

Publisher: Asian Development Bank

Published: 2022-02-01

Total Pages: 138

ISBN-13: 9292691554

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This publication examines the economy and trade of Pakistan in the context of global value chains (GVCs), or cross-border production networks. The report combines innovative analytical tools with the latest available data to explore Pakistan's involvement in GVCs. It produces indicators on factors including Pakistan's rate of GVC participation, the lengths of its GVC production, its patterns of specialization, and the price competitiveness of its exports. It draws on the Multiregional Input–Output database of the Asian Development Bank, the only time series of intercountry input–output tables to date that includes Pakistan and preliminary data for 2020.

Economic Diversification in the GCC
Economic Diversification in the GCC

Author: Mr.Tim Callen

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2014-12-23

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13: 1498303234

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Abstract: The economies of the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are heavily reliant on oil. Greater economic diversification would reduce their exposure to volatility and uncertainty in the global oil market, help create jobs in the private sector, increase productivity and sustainable growth, and help create the non-oil economy that will be needed in the future when oil revenues start to dwindle. The GCC countries have followed many of the standard policies that are usually thought to promote more diversified economies, including reforms to improve the business climate, the development of domestic infrastructure, financial deepening, and improvements in education. Nevertheless, success to date has been limited. This paper argues that increased diversification will require realigning incentives for firms and workers in the economies—fixing these incentives is the “missing link” in the GCC countries’ diversification strategies. At present, producing non-tradables is less risky and more profitable for firms as they can benefit from the easy availability of low-wage foreign labor and the rapid growth in government spending, while the continued availability of high-paying and secure public sector jobs discourages nationals from pursuing entrepreneurship and private sector employment. Measures to begin to address these incentive issues could include limiting and reorienting government spending, strengthening private sector competition, providing guarantees and financial support for those firms engaged in export activity, and implementing labor market reforms to make nationals more competitive for private sector employment.

Aid for Trade at a Glance 2019 Economic Diversification and Empowerment
Aid for Trade at a Glance 2019 Economic Diversification and Empowerment

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2019-07-11

Total Pages: 532

ISBN-13: 9264429514

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This edition analyses how trade can contribute to economic diversification and empowerment, with a focus on eliminating extreme poverty, particularly through the effective participation of women and youth. It shows how aid for trade can contribute to that objective by addressing supply-side capacity and trade-related infrastructure constraints, including for micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises notably in rural areas.

Economic Benefits of Export Diversification in Small States
Economic Benefits of Export Diversification in Small States

Author: Arnold McIntyre

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2018-04-11

Total Pages: 23

ISBN-13: 1484351010

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The paper considers concepts of economic diversification with respect to exports (including service sectors) for small states. We assessed the economic performance of different groups of 34 small states over the period of 1990-2015 and found those more diversified experienced lower output volatility and higher average growth than most other small states. Our findings are consistent with conventional economic theories but we found that export diversification has a more significant impact on reducing output volatility than improving long run growth in small states. Diversification requires fundamental changes and should be contemplated in the context of a cohesive development strategy.

Kazakhstan: Accelerating Economic Diversification
Kazakhstan: Accelerating Economic Diversification

Author: Kym Anderson

Publisher: Asian Development Bank

Published: 2018-08-01

Total Pages: 219

ISBN-13: 9292612638

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Kazakhstan has the potential to become an economic leader in Central Asia. Relying on oil and gas alone, however, will not produce the long-run level of growth needed to meet this potential. Reforms geared to improve the business climate, enhance competitiveness, and increase private sector participation are essential. This book examines reforms to accelerate economic diversification in the country. This involves not only modernizing and using public resources in agriculture more efficiently to increase productivity, but also transitioning of manufacturing toward high-potential exports to help the country’s industrial development and create employment opportunities. Upgrading innovation of oilfield services and improving transport and logistics are important to increase participation in the global value chains.

Structural Transformation and Tax Efficiency
Structural Transformation and Tax Efficiency

Author: Mr.Serhan Cevik

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2019-02-15

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13: 1484399811

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Structural transformation has resulted in an increasing share of services in aggregate value-added in advanced and developing countries across the world. We analyze the impact of this shift into services on countries’ efficiency in collecting the value-added tax (VAT). The analysis is based on two alternative measures of VAT efficiency: (1) the VAT C-efficiency, using a broad panel of 134 countries over the period 1970-2014; and (2) the VAT gap using a more granular, proprietary dataset that draws on the results of IMF’s Revenue Administraion-Gap Analysis Program covering 24 countries over the period 2004-2016. We find that a higher share of services in aggregate value-added reduces the VAT efficiency, and that this adverse effect is mainly a result of a rise of non-tradable services, which in turn contributes to a narrowing of the VAT base.

Does What You Export Matter?
Does What You Export Matter?

Author: Daniel Lederman

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2012-06-18

Total Pages: 153

ISBN-13: 0821384910

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or 'high-tech' goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring 'horizontal-ish' policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products—that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.

Growth, Structural Transformation, and Rural Change in Viet Nam
Growth, Structural Transformation, and Rural Change in Viet Nam

Author: Finn Tarp

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 333

ISBN-13: 019879696X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Provides in-depth evaluation of the development of rural life in Viet Nam over the past decade, combining a unique primary source of time-series panel data with the best micro-econometric analytical tools available.