Urban Stormwater
Urban Stormwater

Author: Robert Smith Tucker

Publisher:

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13:

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Keywords: stormwater, undersized constructed wetland, first flush.

Urban Stormwater: First Flush Analysis and Treatment by an Undersized Constructed Wetland
Urban Stormwater: First Flush Analysis and Treatment by an Undersized Constructed Wetland

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Nonpoint stormwater runoff remains a leading threat to surface water quality in the U.S. Increased impervious surfaces, climate change, and increasing water demands put even more pressure on stormwater managers to improve stormwater management practices with regards to cost effectiveness, removal performance, and ecological sustainability. More effective BMPs can be designed by understanding the nature of pollutant runoff loads with respect to the hydrograph. Many studies have been performed on the first flush (FF) phenomenon (the assumption that the initial portion of a rainfall-runoff event is more polluted than the later portions). However, controversy remains on whether or not the first flush truly exists, which environmental factors influence a first flush, and how best to define the first flush phenomenon. The objective of this study as to evaluate the first flush occurrence in two small urban watersheds (differing in extent of impervious area) using multiple analytical methods and definitions previously published in the literature. The first watershed is 4.8 acres with 67% impervious roadway and the second watershed is 5.6 acres with 87% wooded land cover. Statistical tests were performed to analyze for site-specific correlations between first flush strength and rainfall characteristics (e.g. rainfall depth, peak flow rate, runoff volume, peak rainfall intensity, and antecedent dry period) and determine differences in FF strength between different land uses and pollutants. Furthermore, the FF study was utilized to perform an annual treatable load analysis in order to evaluate the effectiveness of two hypothetical BMPs sized to treat stormwater from the highly impervious watershed based on the 1.3 cm, 1.9 cm, 2.6 cm and 3.2 cm of rainfall water quality volumes. A year-long study captured stormwater samples from over 33 storm events and analyzed for TSS, turbidity, nutrients and heavy metals. Samples were collected using flow-based sampling frequencies that yie.

Urban Stormwater Management in the United States
Urban Stormwater Management in the United States

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2009-03-17

Total Pages: 611

ISBN-13: 0309125391

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The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.

A Study of a Design to Mitigate the First Flush of Urban Stormwater Runoff Pollution
A Study of a Design to Mitigate the First Flush of Urban Stormwater Runoff Pollution

Author: Tara A. Bongiorni

Publisher:

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 208

ISBN-13:

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Most existing stormwater management systems do not take into consideration that most of the pollutants on impervious surfaces are washed off with the first few tenths of an inch of rainfall. Following this first flush, the remainder of the runoff contains far less pollutants. This study examined a two-stage stormwater detention pond designed for treatment of the first flush.

Enhancing the Storm Water Treatment Performance of Constructed Wetlands and Bioretention Basins
Enhancing the Storm Water Treatment Performance of Constructed Wetlands and Bioretention Basins

Author: Isri R. Mangangka

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-08-01

Total Pages: 87

ISBN-13: 9811016607

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This book identifies the key hydrologic and hydraulic factors which influence the performance of stormwater quality treatment systems such as constructed wetlands and bioretention basins. Mathematical relationships derived using conceptual models underpinned by fundamental hydraulic theory are presented to predict treatment performance. The key highlights of the book will include the identification of the linkages between influential hydrologic and hydraulic factors for constructed wetlands and bioretention basins to support more accurate prediction of treatment performance and effective design of these types of stormwater treatment systems. Furthermore, this book will showcase an innovative approach for using conceptual models to analyze stormwater treatment system performance.

Design and Construction of Urban Stormwater Management Systems
Design and Construction of Urban Stormwater Management Systems

Author: American Society of Civil Engineers

Publisher: ASCE Publications

Published: 1993-01-01

Total Pages: 764

ISBN-13: 9780872628557

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Prepared byØtheØTask Committee of the Urban Water Resources Research Council of ASCE. Copublished by ASCE and the Water Environment Federation. Design and Construction of Urban Stormwater Management Systems presents a comprehensive examination of the issues involved in engineering urban stormwater systems. This Manual?which updates relevant portions of Design and Construction of Sanitary and Storm Sewers, MOP 37?reflects the many changes taking place in the field, such as the use of microcomputers and the need to control the quality of runoff as well as the quantity. Chapters are prepared by authors with experience and expertise in the particular subject area. The Manual aids the practicing engineer by presenting a brief summary of currently accepted procedures relating to the following areas: financial services; regulations;Ø surveys and investigations;Ø design concepts and master planning;Ø hydrology and water quality;Ø storm drainage hydraulics; andØ computer modeling.

Diffuse Pollution
Diffuse Pollution

Author: N. Campbell

Publisher: IWA Publishing

Published: 2005-02-01

Total Pages: 337

ISBN-13: 1900222531

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Diffuse (non-point source) pollution is increasingly being recognised as a major source of water quality problems in both surface and ground water. Indeed, as pollution resulting from point sources is reduced by the efforts of regulators, diffuse sources frequently remain as the dominant source of pollution. The book is an introductory text covering the nature, causes and the significance of diffuse pollution of both urban and rural origin. Best management practices to tackle the problems are examined as are the ways in which the adoption of such practices may be brought about. Use is made of case studies from several countries to examine the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches. Diffuse Pollution covers both urban and rural sources. Urban sources include run-off from impermeable surfaces of roads, industrial areas and housing which may be contaminated by hydrocarbons, heavy metals, organic chemicals and other undesirable substances. Rural sources include water containing pollutants arising from agriculture and forestry such as plant nutrients, pesticides, microbes and soil itself. This concise book will prove useful to practitioners in the field of pollution control both in an urban and a rural environment, to regulators, to researchers new to the field, and to academics and students. An extensive reference section aids the reader in exploring the subject further. Contents Diffuse pollution A Best Practice Approach An Introduction to BMPs for built environments Managing diffuse pollution from urban sources - a survey of best practice experience Rural BMPs Rural best practice experience Regulation, Economic instruments, and Education for controlling diffuse pollution Sustainability Full Contents List (439KB)