UO{sub 2} Fuel Rod Performance with a Molten Central Core
UO{sub 2} Fuel Rod Performance with a Molten Central Core

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1962

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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An experimental program has been undertaken to explore the feasibility and limits of UO/sub 2/ fuel rod operation with a molten central core. Three UO/sub 2/ pellet fuel assemblies were irradiated at high thermal performance levels, under pressurized water conditions, in the GETR. The fuel rods operated with 0.565 OD peak surface heat fluxes ranging from approximately 600,000 to 1,100,000 Btu/hr-ft/sup 2/. UO/sub 2/ central melting occurred in the fuel rods operating above 600,000 sion products was evident in the higher thermal performance fuel rods. Ten of the twelve fuel rods irradiated exhibited severe clad swelling in the peak heat flux zone, with a maximum diameter increase in one iuel rod of 0.073 inch. The mechanism for clad swelling has been identified as the UO/sub 2/ volume expansion on melting. A special test assembly was fabricated incorporating internal free volume in the fuel to accommodate the UO/sub 2/ expansion. Short time irradiation of this assembly at high thermal performance conditions produced negligible clad swelling. The assembly has been returned to the loop for a 25-day irradiation cycle. Continued freedom from swelling in this assembly following extended irradiation will permit resumption of the original program irradiation schedule. A final maximum thermal performance pellet fuel assembly remains to be irradiated. This assembly contain; fuel rods to operate at peak surface heat fluxes in the range of 1.2 to 1.3 x 10/sup 6/ Btu/hr-ft/sup 2/. Following fuel rod modifications similar to that in the special test assembly above, this assembly irradiation will be undertaken and continued to high burnup. The target burnup for the assembly is 20,000 Mwd/t. An identical sequence of assembly irradiations is scheduled using compacted powder UO/sup 2/ fuel rods. (auth).

UO$sub 2$ FUEL ROD OPERATION WITH GROSS CENTRAL MELTING.
UO$sub 2$ FUEL ROD OPERATION WITH GROSS CENTRAL MELTING.

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1963

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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EPT-12, a fuel assembly of four rods containing hollow UO/sub 2/ pellets clad in Zircaloy-2, is being irradiated in the GETR pressurized-water loop at extreme thermal conditions to produce gross central melting. The peak surface heat flux of the maximum power rod is 1.4 x 10/sup 6/ Btu/hr-ft/sup 2/. More than 70% of the UO/sup 2/ cross section is molten, and the thickness of the unmelted UO/sup 2/ rim adjacent to the cladding is approximates 40 mils. The assembly has attained a burnup of 5,300 Mwd/Te and 23 power cycles. Interim examination of the fuel assembly at the 5,300 Mwd/Te burnup level showed the rods to be identical to the pre-irradiation conditions. The irradiation results are tabulated along with those for earlier fuel assemblies. (D.L.C.).

Induction and Direct Resistance Heating
Induction and Direct Resistance Heating

Author: Sergio Lupi

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-12-02

Total Pages: 381

ISBN-13: 3319034790

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This book offers broad, detailed coverage of theoretical developments in induction and direct resistance heating and presents new material on the solution of problems in the application of such heating. The physical basis of induction and conduction heating processes is explained and electromagnetic phenomena in direct resistance and induction heating of flat workpieces and cylindrical bodies are examined in depth. The calculation of electrical and energetic characteristics of induction and conduction heating systems is then thoroughly reviewed. The final two chapters consider analytical solutions and numerical modeling of problems in the application of induction and direct resistance heating, providing industrial engineers with the knowledge needed in order to use numerical tools in the modern design of installations. Other engineers, scientists and technologists will find the book to be an invaluable reference that will assist in the efficient utilization of electrical energy.

Energy Research Abstracts
Energy Research Abstracts

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Publisher:

Published: 1987

Total Pages: 436

ISBN-13:

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Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.

Environmental Barrier Coatings
Environmental Barrier Coatings

Author: Kang N. Lee

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2020-12-29

Total Pages: 168

ISBN-13: 3039365177

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The global increase in air travel will require commercial vehicles to be more efficient than ever before. Advanced engine hot section materials are a key technology required to keep fuel consumption and emission to a minimum in next-generation gas turbines. Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are the most promising material to revolutionize gas turbine hot section materials technology because of their excellent high‐temperature properties. Rapid surface recession due to volatilization by water vapor is the Achilles heel of CMCs. Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) is an enabling technology for CMCs, since it protects CMCs from water vapor. The first CMC component entered into service in 2016 in a commercial engine, and more CMC components are scheduled to follow within the next few years. One of the most difficult challenges to CMC components is EBC durability, because failure of EBC leads to a rapid reduction in CMC component life. Key contributors to EBC failure include recession, oxidation, degradation by calcium‐aluminum‐magnesium silicates (CMAS) deposits, thermal and thermo‐mechanical strains, particle erosion, and foreign object damage (FOD). Novel EBC chemistries, creative EBC designs, and robust processes are required to meet EBC durability challenges. Engine-relevant testing, characterization, and lifing methods need to be developed to improve EBC reliability. The aim of this Special Issue is to present recent advances in EBC technology to address these issues. In particular, topics of interest include but are not limited to the following: • Novel EBC chemistries and designs; • Processing including plasma spray, suspension plasma spray, solution precursor plasma spray, slurry process, PS-PVD, EB-PVD, and CVD; • Testing, characterization, and modeling; • Lifing.

The Economics of Lithium
The Economics of Lithium

Author: Roskill Information Services

Publisher:

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 182

ISBN-13: 9780862148041

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Gives details of recent developments in the production, consumption, and prices of and trade in lithium ores, concentrates, metal, alloys and chemicals.

Handbook of Compound Semiconductors
Handbook of Compound Semiconductors

Author: Paul H. Holloway

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2008-10-19

Total Pages: 937

ISBN-13: 0080946143

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This book reviews the recent advances and current technologies used to produce microelectronic and optoelectronic devices from compound semiconductors. It provides a complete overview of the technologies necessary to grow bulk single-crystal substrates, grow hetero-or homoepitaxial films, and process advanced devices such as HBT's, QW diode lasers, etc.