Unsettled Topics Concerning User Experience and Acceptance of Automated Vehicles
Unsettled Topics Concerning User Experience and Acceptance of Automated Vehicles

Author: Amine Taleb-Bendiab

Publisher: SAE International

Published: 2020-06-29

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13: 1468601873

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This SAE EDGE Research Report addresses the unsettled topic of user acceptance of automated driving, analyzing the user experience for a more intuitive and safe driving experience. Unsettled Topics Concerning User Experience and Acceptance of Automated Vehicles examines the requirements for safer driver/user engagement with driving for the various SAE automation levels. It analyzes consumer sentiment toward automated driving - both consumer excitement about the perceived benefits and dislikes or concerns about the technology. The findings from surveys about drivers' experience with advanced driving assistance technologies and its application to automated driving is also brought to the surface of the discussion, together with driver profiles observed during a user-centric experience in an immersive automated driving cockpit. Unsettled Topics Concerning User Experience and Acceptance of Automated Vehicles proposes - through a trust pyramid representation - a means of gradually increasing user trust through careful human-machine interface (HMI) delivery with appropriate levels of information that communicate safe driving. Ultimately, the goal is to build up user confidence levels in safe automated driving so that their time can be spent on entertainment or other non-driving tasks. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2020012

SAE International's Dictionary of Testing, Verification, and Validation
SAE International's Dictionary of Testing, Verification, and Validation

Author: Jon M. Quigley

Publisher: SAE International

Published: 2023-10-30

Total Pages: 463

ISBN-13: 1468605917

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Created to elevate expertise in testing, verification, and validation with industry-specific terminology, readers are empowered to navigate the complex world of quality assurance. From foundational concepts to advanced principles, each entry provides clarity and depth, ensuring the reader becomes well-versed in the language of precision. This dictionary is an indispensable companion for both professionals and students seeking to unravel the nuances of testing methodologies, verification techniques, and validation processes. Readers will be equipped with the tools to communicate effectively, make informed decisions, and excel in projects. In addition, references to SAE Standards are included to direct the read to additional information beyond a practical definition. (ISBN 9781468605907, ISBN 9781468605914, ISBN 9781468605921, DOI 10.4271/9781468605914)

Unsettled Issues Regarding Policy Aspects of Automated Driving Systems
Unsettled Issues Regarding Policy Aspects of Automated Driving Systems

Author: Bob McQueen

Publisher: SAE International

Published: 2020-08-31

Total Pages: 38

ISBN-13: 1468602047

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Automated driving systems (ADS) represent an area of considerable investment and activity within the transportation sphere. The potential impact of ADS on safety, efficiency, and user experience are extremely significant. To get the most from the technology, it is important to ensure that policies are developed to support the balance between achieving public sector objectives and supporting private sector innovation. This SAE EDGE™ Research Report explores the policy aspects related to ADS technology, explains the key stakeholders, identifies unsettled issues, and proposes a number of steps to move forward and improve the current situation. It is hoped that the report will provide a valuable resource to those involved in the definition of ADS policy from both public and private perspectives. It is also intended to serve as a resource for those involved in ADS planning and development and public sector staff involved in other aspects beyond ADS policy. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2020016

Unsettled Legal Issues Facing Data in Autonomous, Connected, Electric, and Shared Vehicles
Unsettled Legal Issues Facing Data in Autonomous, Connected, Electric, and Shared Vehicles

Author: Jennifer Dukarski

Publisher: SAE International

Published: 2021-09-13

Total Pages: 42

ISBN-13: 1468603663

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Modern automobiles collect around 25 gigabytes of data per hour and autonomous vehicles are expected to generate more than 100 times that number. In comparison, the Apollo Guidance Computer assisting in the moon launches had only a 32-kilobtye hard disk. Without question, the breadth of in-vehicle data has opened new possibilities and challenges. The potential for accessing this data has led many entrepreneurs to claim that data is more valuable than even the vehicle itself. These intrepid data-miners seek to explore business opportunities in predictive maintenance, pay-as-you-drive features, and infrastructure services. Yet, the use of data comes with inherent challenges: accessibility, ownership, security, and privacy. Unsettled Legal Issues Facing Data in Autonomous, Connected, Electric, and Shared Vehicles examines some of the pressing questions on the minds of both industry and consumers. Who owns the data and how can it be used? What are the regulatory regimes that impact vehicular data use? Is the US close to harmonizing with other nations in the automotive data privacy? And will the risks of hackers lead to the “zombie car apocalypse” or to another avenue for ransomware? This report explores a number of these legal challenges and the unsettled aspects that arise in the world of automotive data. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2021019

Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users
Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users

Author: Sven Beiker

Publisher: SAE International

Published: 2020-11-30

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13: 1468602748

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The focus of this SAE EDGE™ Research Report is to address a topic overlooked by many who choose to view automated driving systems and AVs from a “10,000-foot” perspective: how automated vehicles (AVs) will actually communicate with other road users. Conventional (human-driven) vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians already have a functioning system of understating each other while on the move. Adding automated vehicles to the mix requires assessing the spectrum of existing modes of communication – both implicit and explicit, biological and technological, and how they will interact with each other in the real world. The impending deployment of AVs represents a major shift in the traditional approach to ground transportation; its effects will inevitably be felt by parties directly involved with the vehicle manufacturing and use and those that play roles in the mobility ecosystem (e.g., aftermarket and maintenance industries, infrastructure and planning organizations, automotive insurance providers, marketers, telecommunication companies). Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users brings together the multiple scenarios we are likely to see in a future not too far away and how they are likely to play out in practical ways. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2020023

Unsettled Issues Concerning Semi-Automated Vehicles
Unsettled Issues Concerning Semi-Automated Vehicles

Author: Francesca Favaro

Publisher: SAE International

Published: 2020-02-28

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13: 1468601342

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Across the span of the SAE International-defined Levels of Driving Automation, human drivers occupy a diverse range of responsibilities and authority on the vehicle movement and the monitoring of the outside environment. From both a technological and a regulatory perspective, there is a gap that divides lower levels of automation (L1 through L3) and higher levels of automation (L4 and L5). For those vehicles that require the cooperation between a human driver and the autonomous technology, it is important to ascertain the safety consequences of such a design choice. It is also important to understand what the transition between automated driving and manual driving entails for the human driver, as well as for the surrounding traffic. This SAE EDGE™ Research Report investigates unsettled issues concerning what is commonly referred to as “semi-automation,” including an overview of the role of human drivers, the quantification of the “transition-to-manual” problem, the role played by L3 toward full automation, and regulatory and moral considerations surrounding the deployment of these vehicles. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the issues they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2020001

Unsettled Issues Concerning Urban Air Mobility Infrastructure
Unsettled Issues Concerning Urban Air Mobility Infrastructure

Author: Bob McQueen

Publisher: SAE International

Published: 2021-11-15

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13: 1468603884

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Urban air mobility (UAM) refers to urban transportation systems that move people by air. UAM offers the potential for reducing traffic congestion in cities and providing an integrated approach to urban mobility. With the emergence of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, drone technology, and the possibility of automated aircraft, interest in this topic has grown considerably for private sector solution providers—including aerospace and technology companies—as well as urban planners and transportation professionals. Unsettled Issues Concerning Urban Air Mobility Infrastructure discusses the infrastructure requirements to effectively integrate UAM services into the overarching urban transportation system to enable multimodal trips and complete origin to destination travel. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2021025

Unsettled Issues in Drive-by-Wire and Automated Driving System Availability
Unsettled Issues in Drive-by-Wire and Automated Driving System Availability

Author: Jeff Hemphill

Publisher: SAE International

Published: 2022-01-28

Total Pages: 26

ISBN-13: 1468604260

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While many observers think that autonomy is right around the corner, there many unsettled issues. One such issue is availability, or how the vehicle behaves in the event of a failure of one of its systems such as those with the latest “by-wire” technologies. Handling of failures at a technical actuation level could involve many aspects, including time of operation after first fault, function/performance after first fault, and exposure after first fault. All of these and other issues are affected by software and electronic and mechanical hardware. Drive-by-wire and Automated Driving System Availability discusses the necessary systems approach required to address these issues. Establishing an industry path forward for these topics will simplify system development and provide a framework for consistent regulation and liability, which is an enabler for the launch of autonomous vehicles. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2022002

Unsettled Topics Concerning the Field Testing of Automated Driving Systems
Unsettled Topics Concerning the Field Testing of Automated Driving Systems

Author: Bob McQueen

Publisher: SAE International

Published: 2019-12-19

Total Pages: 24

ISBN-13: 1468601210

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Automated driving systems (ADS) have the potential to revolutionize transportation. Through the automation of driver functions in the application of advanced technology within the vehicle, significant improvements can be made to safety, efficiency, user experience, and the preservation of the environment. According to the US Department of Transportation [1], there are more than 1,400 cars, trucks, buses, and other vehicles being tested by more than 80 companies across the USA. Implementation of ADS technology is well advanced, with many sites across the USA incorporating automated vehicles (AVs) into wider programs to apply advanced technology to transportation. Discussions with the public sector’s implementing agencies suggest that one of the barriers to faster progress lies in the lack of consistent and standardized field-testing protocols. This report looks at the state of the art of field testing for ADS and identifies areas for improved consistency and standardization. It will define the problem to be addressed by AVs and the challenges associated with the introduction of such vehicles and open-road situations. In particular, the report will look at the possibilities for big data and analytics to enable the sharing of lessons learned and convergence on standard field-testing approaches. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the issues they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2019009

Unsettled Topics Concerning Sensors for Automated Road Vehicles
Unsettled Topics Concerning Sensors for Automated Road Vehicles

Author: Sven Beiker

Publisher: SAE International

Published: 2018-10-18

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13: 1468608770

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This SAE EDGE™ Research Report identifies key unsettled issues of interest to the automotive industry regarding the new generation of sensors designed for vehicles capable of automated driving. Four main issues are outlined that merit immediate interest: First, specifying a standardized terminology and taxonomy to be used for discussing the sensors required by automated vehicles. Second, generating standardized tests and procedures for verifying, simulating, and calibrating automated driving sensors. Third, creating a standardized set of tools and methods to ensure the security, robustness, and integrity of data collected by such sensors. The fourth issue, regarding the ownership and privacy of data collected by automated vehicle sensors, is considered only briefly here since its scope far exceeds the technical issues that are the primary focus of the present report. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are preliminary investigations of new technologies. The three technical issues identified in this report need to be discussed in greater depth with the aims of, first, clarifying the scope of the industry-wide alignment needed, second, prioritizing the issues requiring resolution, and, third, creating a plan to generate the necessary frameworks, practices, and protocols. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2018001