Management of Legionella in Water Systems
Management of Legionella in Water Systems

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2020-02-20

Total Pages: 291

ISBN-13: 030949382X

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Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.

Handbook for Waterworks Operator Certification
Handbook for Waterworks Operator Certification

Author: Frank R. Spellman

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2000-11-06

Total Pages: 204

ISBN-13: 9781566769723

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This three-volume series is designed to prepare waterworks operators for certification and licensure exams. Volume 1 is the only such volume based on the recently amended Safe Drinking Water Act and provides the tools to understand the microbiological and chemical hazards of water in light of the quality standards treatment plants must achieve. With its clear explanations of basic math, hydraulics, electricity and plant processes, it prepares the drinking water plant operator for further study of all aspects of drinking water operations, including purification and distribution. Abundant cases, problems, and a full-scale battery of examination questions enable the reader to apply the book's lessons into practice both on the job and in the classroom Volume 2 is designed to give the experienced operator the means to advance to higher levels. Its content has been selected and organized in accord with SDWA requirements for the continuing education of operators. After reviewing basic math, this volume presents information and calculations for critical areas of operator responsibility - from intake, disinfection and pumping through odor control and distribution. Self-check questions and a final examination enable the reader to monitor progress and prepare for certification and licensure testing. Volume 3 is intended for advanced operators. It represents an in-depth treatment of plant processes and operations, and stresses troubleshooting and problem solving. Questions and answers are included, plus an entire sample test suitable for self-study prior to licensure examinations.