Unexploded Ordnance Cleanup Costs

Unexploded Ordnance Cleanup Costs

Author: Jacqueline MacDonald

Publisher: Minnesota Historical Society

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 398

ISBN-13: 9780833037749

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Military downsizing has resulted in the closure of numerous military bases that once hosted military training and weapons testing activities.


Discrimination of Subsurface Unexploded Ordnance

Discrimination of Subsurface Unexploded Ordnance

Author: Kevin A. O'Neill

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 234

ISBN-13: 9781628418668

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Unexploded ordnance (UXO) pose a persistent and expensive problem throughout the world; over 11 million acres are potentially contaminated in the U.S. alone. However, detection requires a very high degree of reliability, the false alarm rate is typically enormous, and cleanup costs are very high. This Tutorial Text addresses the unique challenges of UXO detection and the following topics: fundamental physics and phenomenology; new, successful modeling and analysis methods; the design, development, and testing of new instruments that provide expanded and superior data; innovative processing techniques; and highly successful discrimination performance in blind field tests at standardized sites. The book is written for lay scientists and engineers, as well as specialists in the field, requiring only some familiarity with basic vector calculus and matrix methods, common statistical concepts, and elementary physics.


Cleanup of Chemical and Explosive Munitions

Cleanup of Chemical and Explosive Munitions

Author: Richard Albright

Publisher: William Andrew

Published: 2017-10-30

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 9780128103616

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Unexploded military ordnance and toxic chemicals, some dating back to the two World Wars, are a global concern, especially when former military bases are redeveloped for housing or other civilian uses. Internationally, there are the added challenges of cleanup of battlegrounds and minefields. Experts estimate that the United States alone could spend between $50-250 billion to clean up these sites, many of which are in areas of high population density, where the demand for land for development is high. This book is unique in providing detailed guidance for cleaning up military ordnance sites - listing explosives, chemical warfare materials and breakdown products which can contaminate soil and groundwater and the tests needed to detect them, as well as cleanup techniques. Also included are remote sensing techniques, geophysical techniques, safety issues, the particular challenges of chemical weapons, etc. The author illustrates these techniques with case studies, including former battlegrounds in Europe and Asia, storage and waste disposal sites in Russia and former Soviet territories, and an extended study of the remediation of the large and complex Spring Valley site in the District of Columbia,. The second edition has been fully revised and updated, and also includes new and expanded sections on: geophysical techniques for discovering buried ordnance underwater sites and remediation techniques use of robotics, including remotely operated vehicles compliance and regulatory issues guidance documents from US Department of Defense and other sources The focus on test procedures, environmental remediation techniques, and learning from past case studies, makes Albright's book the most comprehensive and practical guide on the market for a topic of international importance. The only book available with clear and complete guidance for the cleanup of military ordnance sites and battlefields. The author illustrates his recommendations with real world cases including Spring Valley, DC, former battlegrounds in Europe and Asia, and storage and waste disposal sites in Russia and other former Soviet states. An essential reference for the test and environmental remediation procedures required to put former military sites back in to civilian use (e.g. housing). 30% revision, with key updates concerning regulatory changes, US Dept of Defense guidance documents, use of robotic vehicles, underwater sites and discovery of buried ordnance.


DOD operational ranges more reliable cleanup cost estimates and a proactive approach to identifying contamination are needed : report to congressional requesters.

DOD operational ranges more reliable cleanup cost estimates and a proactive approach to identifying contamination are needed : report to congressional requesters.

Author:

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 54

ISBN-13: 1428935606

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For decades, the Department of Defense (DOD) has tested and fired munitions on millions of acres of operational ranges. These munitions contain various constituents such as lead, trinitrotoluene (TNT), and ammonium perchlorate salt (perchlorate) that are, in some instances, known or suspected of causing health effects such as damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems, cancer, and interfering with thyroid function. Concerns about the potential cost to clean up munitions prompted Congress to require that DOD develop an estimate for what it would cost to clean up its operational ranges. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002 required DOD to provide (1) a comprehensive assessment of unexploded ordnance, discarded military munitions, and munitions constituents at current and former DOD facilities; and (2) an estimate of the aggregate projected cost of remediation (cleanup) at operational ranges,1 stated as a range of costs, including a low and high estimate. As of April 2003, DOD identified 10,444 operational ranges located in the United States and its territories, with Army operational ranges accounting for 94 percent of the total. DOD estimated it would cost between $16 billion and $165 billion to clean up unexploded ordnance, discarded military munitions, and munitions constituents on these operational ranges. constituents on these operational ranges.


The American West at Risk

The American West at Risk

Author: Howard G. Wilshire

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2008-06-05

Total Pages: 634

ISBN-13: 0199881669

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The American West at Risk summarizes the dominant human-generated environmental challenges in the 11 contiguous arid western United States - America's legendary, even mythical, frontier. When discovered by European explorers and later settlers, the west boasted rich soils, bountiful fisheries, immense, dense forests, sparkling streams, untapped ore deposits, and oil bonanzas. It now faces depletion of many of these resources, and potentially serious threats to its few "renewable" resources. The importance of this story is that preserving lands has a central role for protecting air and water quality, and water supplies--and all support a healthy living environment. The idea that all life on earth is connected in a great chain of being, and that all life is connected to the physical earth in many obvious and subtle ways, is not some new-age fad, it is scientifically demonstrable. An understanding of earth processes, and the significance of their biological connections, is critical in shaping societal values so that national land use policies will conserve the earth and avoid the worst impacts of natural processes. These connections inevitably lead science into the murkier realms of political controversy and bureaucratic stasis. Most of the chapters in The American West at Risk focus on a human land use or activity that depletes resources and degrades environmental integrity of this resource-rich, but tender and slow-to-heal, western U.S. The activities include forest clearing for many purposes; farming and grazing; mining for aggregate, metals, and other materials; energy extraction and use; military training and weapons manufacturing and testing; road and utility transmission corridors; recreation; urbanization; and disposing of the wastes generated by everything that we do. We focus on how our land-degrading activities are connected to natural earth processes, which act to accelerate and spread the damages we inflict on the land. Visit www.theamericanwestatrisk.com to learn more about the book and its authors.