China's Unequal Treaties
China's Unequal Treaties

Author: Dong Wang

Publisher: Lexington Books

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 9780739112083

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This study, based on primary sources, deals with the linguistic development and polemical uses of the expression Unequal Treaties, which refers to the treaties China signed between 1842 and 1946. Although this expression has occupied a central position in both Chinese collective memory and Chinese and English historiographies, this is the first book to offer an in-depth examination of China's encounters with the outside world as manifested in the rhetoric surrounding the Unequal Treaties. Author Dong Wang argues that competing forces within China have narrated and renarrated the history of the treaties in an effort to consolidate national unity, international independence, and political legitimacy and authority. In the twentieth century, she shows, China's experience with these treaties helped to determine their use of international law. Of great relevance for students of contemporary China and Chinese history, as well as Chinese international law and politics, this book illuminates how various Chinese political actors have defined and redefined the past using the framework of the Unequal Treaties.

Introduction To The Law Of Treaties
Introduction To The Law Of Treaties

Author: Paul Reuter

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2012-10-12

Total Pages: 314

ISBN-13: 1136162348

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First Published in 1995. The law of treaties, a central field of international law, was also a central concern for Paul Reuter as a jurist. In close association with Jean Monnet, he made a decisive contribution to the Schuman Plan which led to the treaty instituting the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951. But it was mainly from 1964 onwards, when he became a member of the International Law Commission, that he took an ever-growing part in the development of the law of treaties.

International Law and Japanese Sovereignty
International Law and Japanese Sovereignty

Author: Douglas Howland

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-11-15

Total Pages: 239

ISBN-13: 1137567775

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How does a nation become a great power? A global order was emerging in the nineteenth century, one in which all nations were included. This book explores the multiple legal grounds of Meiji Japan's assertion of sovereign statehood within that order: natural law, treaty law, international administrative law, and the laws of war. Contrary to arguments that Japan was victimized by 'unequal' treaties, or that Japan was required to meet a 'standard of civilization' before it could participate in international society, Howland argues that the Westernizing Japanese state was a player from the start. In the midst of contradictions between law and imperialism, Japan expressed state will and legal acumen as an equal of the Western powers – international incidents in Japanese waters, disputes with foreign powers on Japanese territory, and the prosecution of interstate war. As a member of international administrative unions, Japan worked with fellow members to manage technical systems such as the telegraph and the post. As a member of organizations such as the International Law Association and as a leader at the Hague Peace Conferences, Japan helped to expand international law. By 1907, Japan was the first non-western state to join the ranks of the great powers.