Understanding the Demand for Illegal Drugs
Understanding the Demand for Illegal Drugs

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2010-10-23

Total Pages: 124

ISBN-13: 0309159342

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Despite efforts to reduce drug consumption in the United States over the past 35 years, drugs are just as cheap and available as they have ever been. Cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamines continue to cause great harm in the country, particularly in minority communities in the major cities. Marijuana use remains a part of adolescent development for about half of the country's young people, although there is controversy about the extent of its harm. Given the persistence of drug demand in the face of lengthy and expensive efforts to control the markets, the National Institute of Justice asked the National Research Council to undertake a study of current research on the demand for drugs in order to help better focus national efforts to reduce that demand. This study complements the 2003 book, Informing America's Policy on Illegal Drugs by giving more attention to the sources of demand and assessing the potential of demand-side interventions to make a substantial difference to the nation's drug problems. Understanding the Demand for Illegal Drugs therefore focuses tightly on demand models in the field of economics and evaluates the data needs for advancing this relatively undeveloped area of investigation.

Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic
Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2017-09-28

Total Pages: 483

ISBN-13: 0309459575

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Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

The Demand for Illicit Drugs
The Demand for Illicit Drugs

Author: Henry Saffer

Publisher:

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13:

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The purpose of this paper is to estimate the effects of heroin prices, cocaine prices and marijuana decriminalization on the demand for these three drugs, respectively. There are few prior empirical studies in this area because data have been difficult to acquire. This paper makes use of newly available data on drug prices and is the first to link these data to a sample of 49,802 individuals from the National Household Survey of Drug Abuse. The new drug price data comes from the Drug Enforcement Agency. The results provide empirical evidence that drug use is more price responsive than has been previously thought. The results show that the participation price elasticity for heroin is about -.90 to -.80 and that the participation price elasticity for cocaine is about - .55 to -.36. Marijuana decriminalization was also found to increase the probability of marijuana participation by about 4 to 6 percent. The price elasticity for heroin is estimated at about -1.80 to -1.60 and for cocaine at about -1.10 to -.72. It is estimated that legalization would lead to about a 100 percent increase in the quantity of heroin consumed and about a 50 percent increase in the quantity of cocaine consumed.

Understanding Drug Selling in Communities
Understanding Drug Selling in Communities

Author: Tiggy May

Publisher: Policy Press

Published: 2005-01-01

Total Pages: 56

ISBN-13: 9781859354179

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How do local drug markets impact on their 'host' communities? This report, based on the largest British study of drug-dealing to date, draws on work in three areas where drug dealing is prevalent, and assesses the the financial, social, environmental and cultural impact of local drug markets on the communities in which they operate. It documents the views of community members about the market and its impact, whilst exploring the career paths and motivations that lead people into drug dealing, together with the social and demographic differences between dealers, users and others in the community. The authors consider the extent to which drug dealers are predatory outsiders who 'prey on' the local community, suggesting that local drug markets are often integrated - to greater or lesser extent - in the licit and illicit economies of deprived areas. Understanding drug selling in communities highlights the complex nature of drug dealing and its effect on local communities. It outlines a range of possible enforcement measures and will be of interest to a range of practitioners concerned with communities, drug prevention and rehabilitation as well as local authorities, the police and probation service.

Treating Drug Problems:
Treating Drug Problems:

Author: Committee for the Substance Abuse Coverage Study

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1992-01-01

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 9780309043960

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Treating Drug Problems, Volume 2 presents a wealth of incisive and accessible information on the issue of drug abuse and treatment in America. Several papers lay bare the relationship between drug treatment and other aspects of drug policy, including a powerful overview of twentieth century narcotics use in America and a unique account of how the federal government has built and managed the drug treatment system from the 1960s to the present. Two papers focus on the criminal justice system. The remaining papers focus on Employer policies and practices toward illegal drugs. Patterns and cycles of cocaine use in subcultures and the popular culture. Drug treatment from a marketing, supply-and-demand perspective, including an analysis of policy options. Treating Drug Problems, Volume 2 provides important information to policy makers and administrators, drug treatment specialists, and researchers.

Illegal Drug Markets
Illegal Drug Markets

Author: Mangai Natarajan

Publisher:

Published: 2000-01-01

Total Pages: 329

ISBN-13: 9781881798255

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Fourteen papers analyse the operation of illegal drug markets and explore the implications for prevention policy. Topics include: crack distribution and abuse in New York; how young Britons obtain their drugs; the impact of heroin prescription in Switzerland; women as consumer of drug markets; toward a typology of illegal drug markets; heroin use and dealing in an English Asian community; Swedish drug markets and drug policy; Albanians and illicit drugs in Italy; a geographic analysis of illegal drug markets; drug trafficking as a cottage industry; understanding the structure of a drug trafficking organisation; performance management indicators and drug enforcement; and connecting drug policy and research on drug markets.

Pathways of Addiction
Pathways of Addiction

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1996-11-01

Total Pages: 330

ISBN-13: 0309055334

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Drug abuse persists as one of the most costly and contentious problems on the nation's agenda. Pathways of Addiction meets the need for a clear and thoughtful national research agenda that will yield the greatest benefit from today's limited resources. The committee makes its recommendations within the public health framework and incorporates diverse fields of inquiry and a range of policy positions. It examines both the demand and supply aspects of drug abuse. Pathways of Addiction offers a fact-filled, highly readable examination of drug abuse issues in the United States, describing findings and outlining research needs in the areas of behavioral and neurobiological foundations of drug abuse. The book covers the epidemiology and etiology of drug abuse and discusses several of its most troubling health and social consequences, including HIV, violence, and harm to children. Pathways of Addiction looks at the efficacy of different prevention interventions and the many advances that have been made in treatment research in the past 20 years. The book also examines drug treatment in the criminal justice setting and the effectiveness of drug treatment under managed care. The committee advocates systematic study of the laws by which the nation attempts to control drug use and identifies the research questions most germane to public policy. Pathways of Addiction provides a strategic outline for wise investment of the nation's research resources in drug abuse. This comprehensive and accessible volume will have widespread relevanceâ€"to policymakers, researchers, research administrators, foundation decisionmakers, healthcare professionals, faculty and students, and concerned individuals.