Osseointegration is a biological process in which histological, surgical, infectious factors, biomechanical load, and the choice of biomaterials all play important roles. In the case of dental implants, the success of this process is also influenced by the design, composition, and properties of the implant surface, which may stimulate cell bioactivity and promote osteoblast adhesion. Currently, the raw materials most frequently used in the manufacture of dental implants are titanium, its alloys, and certain ceramic materials such as zirconia. Multiple macroscopic designs incorporating various diameters, lengths, shapes, and types of screw offer different options for specific clinical situations. The characteristics of implant surfaces have aroused great interest, due to their importance in osseointegration. The different methods used to modify surface properties are classified as additive (id est, impregnation and coating) or subtractive (id est, physical, mechanical and chemical methods). The surface characteristics of dental implants also have a significant influence on peri-implant microbiota.
The discipline of dental implantology is one of the scientific medical/dental fields that are moving dynamically very fast. Not to mention the multiple specialties involved in managing the service as well as the research production. As much as it is necessary to have books to review the basics of bone healing, cellular biology, and implant rehabilitation planning, it is very critical to have more focused books to link the dots and elevate the benchmark of success even higher, especially when facing the reality of more advanced case challenges nowadays. ''Dental Implantology and Biomaterial'' presents four main sections covering topics of clinically applied ''tips and tricks'', the reality of transmucosal implant surface, the future of ceramic implants, the revolution of implant surface treatment, and finally the application of nonautogenous graft in the treatment process. The aim is updating the practitioners, researchers, and postgraduate trainees in the field with up-to-date clinically applied topics focused on reducing the gap between research and clinical application. Doing so will not only optimize the practice but also advance it with evidence-based maneuvers and technical details.
This volume broadens understanding of dentistry and promotes interdisciplinary research across a wide range of related fields, based on the symposium entitled "Innovative Research for Biosis-Abiosis Intelligent Interface 2016". It aims to create highly functional and autonomic intelligent interface by combining highly functional interface science with the technology of an evaluation and a control at the interface, with the various topics of biomaterials, innovation for oral science and application, regenerative oral science, and medical engineering. Since 2002, the Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry has hosted "Interface Oral Health Science" several times as the main theme of dental research in the twenty-first century, and this is the sixth proceedings of the symposiums following the ones in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2014.This book benefits not only dental scientists but also other health scientists including medical physicians and pharmacologists, material scientists, engineers, and any scientist who is involved in variety of disciplines. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
This book provides a comprehensive technical and scientific overview of the surface modification of titanium dental implants. Coverage ranges from basic concepts of surface modification to advanced micro- and nano-engineering strategies employed to achieve augmented bioactivity to meet the needs of compromised patient conditions. A special focus of the book is advanced state-of-the-art electrochemically anodized nanostructures fabricated on implants towards enhanced bioactivity and local therapy. Surface Modification of Titanium Dental Implants will keep you current in the domain of titanium dental implants and will provide an improved understanding of their performance and application. The book will benefit engineers, clinicians, and researchers in biomaterials, biomedical engineering, dental and bone implants, nano-engineering, and technology.
Titanium (Ti) and titanium alloys are widely used in biomedical devices and components, because of their desirable properties, such as relatively low modulus, good fatigue strength, formability, machinability, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. However, Ti and its alloys cannot meet all of the clinical requirements. Therefore, surface modification of Ti has been often performed to improve the biological, chemical, and mechanical properties. Various modifications of surface properties have been investigated to predictably improve the osseointegration of Ti implants. The rate and quality of osseointegration in Ti implants are related to their surface properties. A multiplicity of implant surface forms exist engineered with mechanical features that physically interlock the implant with bone. Various strategies have been utilized to improve bone integration of Ti-based implants. For example, surface grit blasting, acid-etching and anodization methods enhance cell growth, improving implant fixation through increases in interlocking surface area and alterations of oxide thickness. On the other hand, surface composition and hydrophilicity are parameters that may play a role in implant-tissue interaction and osseointegration. Highly hydrophilic surfaces seem more desirable than hydrophobic ones in view of their interactions with biological fluids, cells and tissues. Several recent studies have shown that the surface energy of biomaterials strongly has influence the initial cell attachment and spreading of osteoblastic cells on the biomaterial surfaces. Hallab and others said that surface energy might be a more important determinant of cell adhesion and proliferation, and might be more useful than surface roughness for generating cell adhesion and cell. It may have the influence on protein adsorption and the structural rearrangement of the proteins on the material. Therefore, understanding the relationship between surface energy and cell adhesion on different biomaterials will facilitate the design of optimized implant material surfaces and subsequently the cell attachment. Surface energy is an important parameter of the material surface. It is affected by several surface characteristics, such as chemical composition, surface charge, and microstructural topography. Many papers reported that surface energy is one of important surface characteristics parameter of modified titanium surfaces. Given the importance of surface wettability of dental implants surfaces in the achievement of osseointegration, the surface free energy values for a given material, obtained by various methods and with use of different measuring liquids, are not consistent. Thus, we provided a review article of the surface modification on titanium surface and the surface wettability. The relationship between CAs and surface preparations was determined in this review.
As the name suggests this book discusses how nanotechnology has influenced the provision of implant treatment from surgery to prosthetic reconstruction and post treatment biological complications. This book is a sequel to the earlier book “Dental Applications of Nanotechnology” published by Springer. It aims to present both the nanotechnology and allied research along with the clinical concepts of almost every different aspect of implantology in one volume. These two fraternities promote the translation of the research ideas and product development into fruitful practicalities. The first section covers nanobiomaterials in implant applications, in bone regeneration, prosthetic rehabilitation, to control biofilm and peri-implantitis, bone grafting and tissue engineering. The second section explores applications of such new technologies in the field of implantology that gives this book a unique feature by bringing science and technology into clinical application. It covers implant stability, peri-implantitis, lasers, CAD/CAM technology, impressions, 3D printing, reconstruction with bone grafts and zygomatic implants. Comprehensive coverage includes both simple and complicated clinical cases, with practical guidance on how to apply the latest research, diagnostic tools, treatment planning, implant designs, materials, and techniques to provide superior patient outcomes. The book is well written and structured making it easy for experienced clinicians and those new to dental implantology as well as students, researchers, scientists and faculties of dental universities
In this chapter, a general overview of current dental implants is presented, identifying weak points where improvements can be made. Particular importance is given to the surface properties of materials susceptible to modifications for improving the biological response for the specific application. Then, the concepts and techniques relevant for the evaluation of the physico-chemical properties and the protein adsorption, biocompatibility, bioactivity and biofilm formation are described. The chapter describes a particular method to modify the chemical and physical properties of materials, known as magnetron sputtering. Finally, an example using Nb2O5 coatings is presented, where also corrosion resistance and adhesion results are included.
Background: Osseointegration of dental implants can be considered as the main factor for successful implant stability. This healing process can be related with the surface of dental implants because the surface properties of dental implants affect bone apposition and cell responses. Dental implants have hybrid nature consisting of: implant body which is intrabony part, implant neck which contact with soft tissue and the last part interact with oral environment. So, dental implants have several interfaces and there is a challenge between bacterial colonization and cell functional integration of the dental implant surfaces. Various surface modifying methods such as blasting,etching, anodizing or coating with biomaterials are introduced. Surface modifications of dental implants is one of the most widely researched fields of implant dentistry. These surface modifications improve the adsorbtion of protein, cells and so result in faster osseointegration. However, no reports have demonstrated the superiority of one surface treatment over the other. Aim/Hypothesis: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical success of different implant surface properties and acquire actual results.Materials and Methods: An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed search form). The study is based on the Cochrane Review Methods. The main question is u2018Which implant surface modification technique is best in terms of clinical outcomes?u2019 In last decades (from January 2008 to December 2018), published clinical studies on implants with different surface properties were independently evaluated two reviewers (K.D. and M.H.A.) based on the inclusion criteria. In vitro studies, animal studies, retrospective studies, non-comparative studies and case reports were excluded. (1) Comparative clinical studies of different implant surfaces reporting one year or longer follow-up period, (2) more than ten patients including studies and (3) articles to consider mean marginal bone loss result were included.Results: A total of 2604 articles were evaluated from database. 110 articles is repeated, 2357 articles are animal studies and cell studies, 137 articles not relevant outcomes, 21 clinical studies were evaluated. 3 studies excluded because follow-up smaller than 1 year. Remaining 18 studies met the inclusion criteria and included to the review (Table 1). The modification methods were classified as physically, chemically or biochemically treated. Generally implant failure was related with smoking habit. Because of the low number of studies assesing each surface modification for failure, annual failure rates were not measured by surface modification technique. u0130mplant success were favorable for all modification techniques, but chemically and biochemically modification procedures can improve osseointegration at initial stage.Conclusions and Clinical u0130mplications: Within the limitation of this systematic review, it can be concluded that biochemical and chemical techniques can accelerate osseointegration process and may be prefered for early loading planning. However, the studies have different methods and it is difficult to figure out scientifically that superiority of one surface modification technique over another. Further comparative and long term clinical studies are required to identify exact results about the surface modification techniques.
" This book provides the prosthodontist and oral surgeon for the first time with a safe, predictable, and scientifically proven method for permanently anchoring artificial tooth abutments in the jawbones. It combines the osseointegration research results of biologists, physicists, bioengineers, oral surgeons, and prosthodontists to demonstrate step-by-step how to achieve long-term osseointegration of dental implants" -- Amazon.
Advances in Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials presents a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of the latest advances in developing calcium phosphate biomaterials and their applications in medicine. It covers the fundamental structures, synthesis methods, characterization methods, and the physical and chemical properties of calcium phosphate biomaterials, as well as the synthesis and properties of calcium phosphate-based biomaterials in regenerative medicine and their clinical applications. The book brings together these new concepts, mechanisms and methods in contributions by both young and “veteran” academics, clinicians, and researchers to forward the knowledge and expertise on calcium phosphate and related materials. Accordingly, the book not only covers the fundamentals but also open new avenues for meeting future challenges in research and clinical applications. Besim Ben-Nissan is a Professor of Chemistry and Forensic Science at the University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
