Trace Gas Exchange in Forest Ecosystems
Trace Gas Exchange in Forest Ecosystems

Author: R. Gasche

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-14

Total Pages: 342

ISBN-13: 9401598568

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This volume summarizes the current knowledge on the exchange of trace gases between forests and the atmosphere with the restriction that exclusively carbon and nitrogen compounds are included. For this purpose the volume brings together and interconnects knowledge from different disciplines of biological and atmospheric sciences. It covers microbial and plant processes involved in the production and consumption of these trace gases; the exchange processes between forest soils and vegetation on the one hand, and the atmosphere on the other hand; the fate of the trace gases exchanged inside the atmosphere as well as environmental influences on the exchange of trace gases between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. With this interdisciplinary approach the volume provides the background for an evaluation of the exchange of trace gases between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere and man-made disturbances of this exchange.

Biogenic Trace Gases
Biogenic Trace Gases

Author: P. A. Matson

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2009-05-27

Total Pages: 408

ISBN-13: 1444313819

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Trace gases are those that are present in the atmosphere at relatively low concentrations. Small changes in their concentrations can have profound implications for major atmospheric fluxes, and thereore, can be used as indicators in studies of global change, global biogeochemical cycling and global warming. This new how-to guide will detail the concepts and techniques involved in the detection and measurement of trace gases, and the impact they have on ecological studies. Introductory chapters look at the role of trace gases in global cycles, while later chapters go on to consider techniques for the measurement of gases in various environments and at a range of scales. A how-to guide for measuring atmospheric trace gases. Techniques described are of value in addressing current concerns over global climate change.

Energy and Matter Fluxes of a Spruce Forest Ecosystem
Energy and Matter Fluxes of a Spruce Forest Ecosystem

Author: Thomas Foken

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-02-27

Total Pages: 530

ISBN-13: 3319493892

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This book focuses on fluxes of energy, carbon dioxide and matter in and above a Central European spruce forest. The transition from a forest affected by acid rain into a heterogeneous forest occurred as a result of wind throw, bark beetles and climate change. Scientific results obtained over the last 20 years at the FLUXNET site DE-Bay (Waldstein-Weidenbrunnen) are shown together with methods developed at the site, including the application of footprint models for data-quality analysis, the coupling between the trunk space and the atmosphere, the importance of the Damköhler number for trace gas studies, and the turbulent conditions at a forest edge. In addition to the many experimental studies, the book also applies model studies such as higher-order closure models, Large-Eddy Simulations, and runoff models for the catchment and compares them with the experimental data. Moreover, by highlighting processes in the atmosphere it offers insights into the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole. It is of interest to ecologists, micrometeorologists and ecosystem modelers.

Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges
Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges

Author:

Publisher: Newnes

Published: 2013-11-19

Total Pages: 647

ISBN-13: 0080983421

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There are significant pressures from climate change and air pollution that forests currently face. This book aims to increase understanding of the state and potential of forest ecosystems to mitigate and adapt to climate change in a polluted environment. It reconciles process-oriented research, long-term monitoring and applied modeling through comprehensive forest ecosystem research. Furthermore, it introduces "forest super sites for research for integrating soil, plant and atmospheric sciences and monitoring. It also provides mechanistic and policy-oriented modeling with scientifically sound risk indications regarding atmospheric changes and ecosystem services. - Identifies current knowledge gaps and emerging research needs - Highlights novel methodologies and integrated research concepts - Assesses ecological meaning of investigations and prioritizing research need

Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges
Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges

Author: Stan Cieslik

Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters

Published: 2013-11-19

Total Pages: 26

ISBN-13: 0128055545

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Climate change is expected to affect the exchange of gases between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. In this review, we focus on a few related topics, including the emission of greenhouse gases from the forest floor, and vegetation fires and their impact on air quality and soil CO2 efflux. In particular, we summarise the current state of knowledge on O3 deposition in forest ecosystems, both for stomatal uptake and non-stomatal sinks. Based on such summaries, we discuss interactions between forests, atmospheric composition and climate, and finally outline directions for multi- and interdisciplinary research required for mechanistically understanding such interrelationships.

Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences
Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences

Author: Gerald R. North

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2014-09-14

Total Pages: 2874

ISBN-13: 0123822262

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Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Second Edition, Six Volume Set is an authoritative resource covering all aspects of atmospheric sciences, including both theory and applications. With more than 320 articles and 1,600 figures and photographs, this revised version of the award-winning first edition offers comprehensive coverage of this important field. The six volumes in this set contain broad-ranging articles on topics such as atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layers, clouds, general circulation, global change, mesoscale meteorology, ozone, radar, satellite remote sensing, and weather prediction. The Encyclopedia is an ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences. It is written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with the latest information in the field. Covers all aspects of atmospheric sciences—including both theory and applications Presents more than 320 articles and more than 1,600 figures and photographs Broad-ranging articles include topics such as atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layers, clouds, general circulation, global change, mesoscale meteorology, ozone, radar, satellite remote sensing, and weather prediction An ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences

Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles
Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles

Author: Peter S. Liss

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2013-12-18

Total Pages: 366

ISBN-13: 3642256430

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The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.

Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation
Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation

Author: David Ussiri

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-11-13

Total Pages: 391

ISBN-13: 9400753640

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Nitrous oxide gas is a long-lived relatively active greenhouse gas (GHG) with an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 120 years, and heat trapping effects about 310 times more powerful than carbon dioxide per molecule basis. It contributes about 6% of observed global warming. Nitrous oxide is not only a potent GHG, but it also plays a significant role in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. This book describes the anthropogenic sources of N2O with major emphasis on agricultural activities. It summarizes an overview of global cycling of N and the role of nitrous oxide on global warming and ozone depletion, and then focus on major source, soil borne nitrous oxide emissions. The spatial-temporal variation of soil nitrous oxide fluxes and underlying biogeochemical processes are described, as well as approaches to quantify fluxes of N2O from soils. Mitigation strategies to reduce the emissions, especially from agricultural soils, and fertilizer nitrogen sources are described in detail in the latter part of the book.

Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems in Monsoon Asia
Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems in Monsoon Asia

Author: T. Hirose

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 191

ISBN-13: 9401103437

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Forest vegetation is distributed in monsoon Asia continuously from boreal forests through temperate to tropical rain forests. This vegetation - the richest in the world - is being subjected to global change on an unprecedented scale. It has been predicted that boreal forests will experience the most significant change in response to global warming, while tropical forests are endangered by rapid changes in land use due to high population pressure. An increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration will severely affect ecosystem function in this area. This volume presents a review of terrestrial ecosystems in monsoon Asia and assesses possible effects of global change on the structure and function of forest ecosystems and feedback routes to the global carbon cycle. Audience: Vital reading for plant ecologists, vegetation scientists, environmental managers and government decision makers.