Crs Report for Congress

Crs Report for Congress

Author: Congressional Research Service: The Libr

Publisher: BiblioGov

Published: 2013-10

Total Pages: 22

ISBN-13: 9781295020300

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Enacted nearly four decades ago, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in federally funded education programs or activities. Although the Title IX regulations bar recipients of federal financial assistance from discriminating on the basis of sex in a wide range of educational programs or activities, such as student admissions, scholarships, and access to courses, the statute is perhaps best known for prohibiting sex discrimination in intercollegiate athletics. Indeed, the provisions regarding athletics have proved to be one of the more controversial aspects of Title IX. At the center of the debate is a three-part test that the Department of Education (ED) uses to determine whether institutions are providing nondiscriminatory athletic participation opportunities for both male and female students. Proponents of the existing regulations point to the dramatic increases in the number of female athletes in elementary and secondary school, college, and beyond as the ultimate indicator of the statute's success in breaking down barriers against women in sports. In contrast, opponents contend that the Title IX regulations unfairly impose quotas on collegiate sports and force universities to cut men's teams in order to remain in compliance. Critics further argue that the ...


Title IX and Intercollegiate Athletics

Title IX and Intercollegiate Athletics

Author: Valerie McMurtie Bonnette

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 549

ISBN-13: 9780976213000

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A self-evaluation manual and desk reference for colleges and universities, this manual enables education officials to evaluate accurately their intercollegiate athletics programs for compliance with Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, a federal law that prohibits sex discrimination in education programs. This 850 page manual explains the Title IX policies, explains how to identify the nature and extent of compliance concerns and how to remedy those concerns. The manual includes the full text and summaries of the major documents requiring nondiscrimination on the basis of sex, illustrates data collection and analysis for sample programs, and includes a workbook with charts, instructions, questionnaires, and facilities checklists.


Title IX

Title IX

Author: Elizabeth Kaufer Busch

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-05-20

Total Pages: 359

ISBN-13: 1317425111

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This book examines the history and evolution of Title IX, a landmark 1972 law prohibiting sex discrimination at educational institutions receiving federal funding. Elizabeth Kaufer Busch and William Thro illuminate the ways in which the interpretation and implementation of Title IX have been transformed over time to extend far beyond the law's relatively narrow statutory text. The analysis considers the impact of Title IX on athletics, sexual harassment, sexual assault, and, for a time, transgender discrimination. Combining legal and cultural perspectives and supported by primary documents, Title IX: The Transformation of Sex Discrimination in Education offers a balanced and insightful narrative of interest to anyone studying the history of sex discrimination, educational policy, and the law in the contemporary United States.


Getting in the Game

Getting in the Game

Author: Deborah L. Brake

Publisher: NYU Press

Published: 2012-08-20

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 0814760392

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Title IX, a landmark federal statute enacted in 1972 to prohibit sex discrimination in education, has worked its way into American culture as few other laws have. The subject of web blogs and T-shirt slogans, it is credited with opening the doors to the massive numbers of girls and women now participating in competitive sports, yet few people fully understand the extent to which it has succeeded in challenging the gender norms that have circumscribed women's place in society more generally. In this legal analysis of Title IX, the author, a law professor assesses the statute's successes and failures. She provides an understanding and appreciation of what Title IX has accomplished, while taking a critical look at the places where it has fallen short.


Title IX

Title IX

Author: Susan Ware

Publisher: Waveland Press

Published: 2014-05-05

Total Pages: 199

ISBN-13: 1478622644

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Many know Title IX as groundbreaking legislation that protects people from sex-based discrimination in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. Yet, many do not know the history of women’s sports before Title IX, the history of the amendment, and the struggle for its implementation. These topics and more are discussed in Ware’s well-researched and reader-friendly Introduction, followed by 26 provocative, pertinent documents. The carefully selected writings, organized in chronological order, balance the views of policymakers, legislators, and commentators with the voices of individuals whose lives were shaped by the law. Ware purposely presents conflicting points of view to encourage analytical thinking and lively classroom discussion about gender equity, both in sports and in American society as a whole.


Title IX

Title IX

Author: Linda Jean Carpenter

Publisher: Human Kinetics Publishers

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 270

ISBN-13: 9780736042390

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Title IXdelivers a complete look at one of sport's critical gender equity issues. It goes beyond intercollegiate athletics to address Title IX in the context of sport, physical activity, recreation, intramurals, and physical education. From its enactment in 1972, Title IX has been often oversimplified or misunderstood by both advocates and critics of the legislation. Knowledgeable in the legal issues of sport and experienced in the administration of sport and physical education programs, the authors of Title IXoffer a balanced, comprehensive view of this issue, lending important insights into Title IX's requirements and application both now and when it was enacted. Title IX, the law, prohibits any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance from discriminating on the basis of sex. Title IX, the text, helps to clarify the law in a three-part progression that is accurate and accessible. In Part I,you will see Title IX's structure and requirements applied in different settings including physical education, intramurals and recreation, and athletics. Part IIthen provides a historical account of the social, legislative, and judicial environments in which Title IX has grown to maturity over the past three decades. Finally, part III examines Title IX in the 21st century, its impact on sport related programs, and continuing debates. Title IXwill also help you gain a solid understanding of the law itself. You will examine the actual wording of the law and related interpretive materials. You'll review significant lawsuits as you explore how the legislation has been interpreted and judicially clarified over the years in changing social and political climates. You'll find further clarifying information in summaries and questions and answers at the end of each chapter. Six appendixes provide pertinent excerpts from Title IX regulations, policy interpretations, letters of clarification, and an annotated list of other print and online resources. Whether you're looking for clarification of Title IX or for information on applying it in your programs, you'll find the information you need in Title IX.


Changing the Game

Changing the Game

Author: Kelly McFall

Publisher: UNC Press Books

Published: 2022-07-01

Total Pages: 343

ISBN-13: 1469672316

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Changing the Game is set at a fictional university in the mid-1990s. A debate over the role of athletics quickly expands to encompass demands that women's sports and athletes receive more resources and opportunities. The result is a firestorm of controversy on and off campus. Drawing on congressional testimonies from the Title IX hearings, players advance their views in student government meetings, talk radio shows, town meetings, and impromptu rallies. As students wrestle with questions of gender parity and the place of athletics in higher education, they learn about the implementation—and implications—of legal change in the United States.