The Design of Competition Law Institutions

The Design of Competition Law Institutions

Author: Eleanor M Fox

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 518

ISBN-13: 0199670048

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Significant power is exercised through webs created between different systems of national law, influenced by governments but also by transnational actors such as global corporations and transnational NGOs, and often with an overlay of formal international law or of substantial influence from international institutions. Studying the procedures used by competition institutions (dealing with specific cases concerning monopolies, mergers, anti-competitive practices) this volumes uses a template to study practices of many national institutions and the EU, and examines the interactions among these and with prescriptions of influential international bodies. Together these form a web, with existing procedural rules and practices in a particular institution criticized and alternatives championed and transmitted partly by prescription and partly by arguments of major global law firms, of global corporations, and of consultants dispatched by the ICN and other agencies. This whole process, examined for the first time in this book, is the real global governance of the procedural law and practices of market supervision under competition rules. Delving deeply into their jurisdictions and internationally, the contributors illuminate the inner workings of the systems and expose the procedure, process, and performance norms embedded within. Case studies are drawn from Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Japan, South Africa, the USA, and the EU, as well as four leading international institutions involved in antitrust, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, and the International Competition Network. The results reveal a convergence of these norms across the very different systems, a procedural norms convergence that offers a necessary counterpart to studies on substantive rule convergence. These results provide benchmarks for the field, suggest possibilities for future development, and offer lessons for all interested in competition law and global governance.


Mandatory Reliability Standards for the Bulk-Power System (Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (Ferc) (2018 Edition)

Mandatory Reliability Standards for the Bulk-Power System (Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (Ferc) (2018 Edition)

Author: The Law The Law Library

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2018-10-14

Total Pages: 386

ISBN-13: 9781727865431

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Mandatory Reliability Standards for the Bulk-Power System (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Mandatory Reliability Standards for the Bulk-Power System (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 Pursuant to section 215 of the Federal Power Act (FPA), the Commission approves 83 of 107 proposed Reliability Standards, six of the eight proposed regional differences, and the Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards developed by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), which the Commission has certified as the Electric Reliability Organization (ERO) responsible for developing and enforcing mandatory Reliability Standards. Those Reliability Standards meet the requirements of section 215 of the FPA and Part 39 of the Commission's regulations. However, although we believe it is in the public interest to make these Reliability Standards mandatory and enforceable, we also find that much work remains to be done. Specifically, we believe that many of these Reliability Standards require significant improvement to address, among other things, the recommendations of the Blackout Report. Therefore, pursuant to section 215(d)(5), we require the ERO to submit significant improvements to 56 of the 83 Reliability Standards that are being approved as mandatory and enforceable. The remaining 24 Reliability Standards will remain pending at the Commission until further information is provided. This book contains: - The complete text of the Mandatory Reliability Standards for the Bulk-Power System (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section


Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States

Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2009-07-29

Total Pages: 348

ISBN-13: 0309142393

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Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.